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Transforming a large language model (LLM) into a Vision-Language Model (VLM) can be achieved by mapping the visual tokens from a vision encoder into the embedding space of an LLM. Intriguingly, this mapping can be as simple as a shallow MLP…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Benno Krojer , Shravan Nayak , Oscar Mañas , Vaibhav Adlakha , Desmond Elliott , Siva Reddy , Marius Mosbach

In this paper, we advance the study of AI-augmented reasoning in the context of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), psychology and cognitive science, focusing on the critical task of visual perception. Specifically, we investigate the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Shravan Chaudhari , Trilokya Akula , Yoon Kim , Tom Blake

Incorporating multiple modalities into large language models (LLMs) is a powerful way to enhance their understanding of non-textual data, enabling them to perform multimodal tasks. Vision language models (VLMs) form the fastest growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Shiqi He , Insu Jang , Mosharaf Chowdhury

With the flourishing of social media platforms, vision-language pre-training (VLP) recently has received great attention and many remarkable progresses have been achieved. The success of VLP largely benefits from the information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Zhiyuan Ma , Jianjun Li , Guohui Li , Kaiyan Huang

Existing Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) excel at matching concepts across multi-modal inputs but struggle with compositional concepts and high-level relationships between entities. This paper introduces Progressive multi-granular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Quang-Hung Le , Long Hoang Dang , Ngan Le , Truyen Tran , Thao Minh Le

Contemporary Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on a wide range of tasks by pairing a vision encoder with a pre-trained language model, fine-tuned for visual-text inputs. Yet despite these gains, it remains unclear how…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Lachin Naghashyar , Hunar Batra , Ashkan Khakzar , Philip Torr , Ronald Clark , Christian Schroeder de Witt , Constantin Venhoff

Understanding how explicit theoretical features are encoded in opaque neural systems is a central challenge now common to neuroscience and AI. We introduce Metric Learning Encoding Models (MLEMs) to address this challenge most directly as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Louis Jalouzot , Christophe Pallier , Emmanuel Chemla , Yair Lakretz

Multimodal Entity Linking (MEL) is the task of mapping mentions with multimodal contexts to the referent entities from a knowledge base. Existing MEL methods mainly focus on designing complex multimodal interaction mechanisms and require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Senbao Shi , Zhenran Xu , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

As artificial intelligence systems increasingly operate in Real-world environments, the integration of multi-modal data sources such as vision, language, and audio presents both unprecedented opportunities and critical challenges for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Sree Bhargavi Balija

Advancements in prompt tuning of vision-language models have underscored their potential in enhancing open-world visual concept comprehension. However, prior works only primarily focus on single-mode (only one prompt for each modality) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Dongsheng Wang , Miaoge Li , Xinyang Liu , MingSheng Xu , Bo Chen , Hanwang Zhang

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success in computer vision; however, their black-box nature in decision-making limits interpretability and trust, particularly in safety-critical applications. Interpretability is crucial in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ran Eisenberg , Amit Rozner , Ethan Fetaya , Ofir Lindenbaum

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have endowed LLMs with the ability to perceive and understand multi-modal signals. However, most of the existing MLLMs mainly adopt vision encoders pretrained on coarsely aligned image-text pairs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Gongwei Chen , Leyang Shen , Rui Shao , Xiang Deng , Liqiang Nie

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled impressive progress in vision-language understanding, yet their high computational cost limits deployment in resource-constrained scenarios such as personal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Quoc-Huy Trinh , Mustapha Abdullahi , Bo Zhao , Debesh Jha

The task of multi-label image classification involves recognizing multiple objects within a single image. Considering both valuable semantic information contained in the labels and essential visual features presented in the image, tight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Shuyi Ouyang , Hongyi Wang , Ziwei Niu , Zhenjia Bai , Shiao Xie , Yingying Xu , Ruofeng Tong , Yen-Wei Chen , Lanfen Lin

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse vision-language tasks, yet their internal decision-making mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Existing interpretability research has primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jiawei Liang , Ruoyu Chen , Xianghao Jiao , Siyuan Liang , Shiming Liu , Qunli Zhang , Zheng Hu , Xiaochun Cao

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled impressive progress in vision-language understanding, yet their high computational cost limits deployment in resource-constrained scenarios such as robotic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Quoc-Huy Trinh

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) leverage aligned visual encoders to transform images into visual tokens, allowing them to be processed similarly to text by the backbone large language model (LLM). This unified input paradigm enables VLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Bangzheng Li , Fei Wang , Wenxuan Zhou , Nan Xu , Ben Zhou , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable performance by aligning pretrained visual representations with the linguistic knowledge embedded in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing approaches typically rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Ying Liu , Yudong Han , Kean Shi , Liyuan Pan

Recently, large-scale visual language pre-trained (VLP) models have demonstrated impressive performance across various downstream tasks. Motivated by these advancements, pioneering efforts have emerged in multi-label image recognition with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Leilei Ma , Hongxing Xie , Lei Wang , Yanping Fu , Dengdi Sun , Haifeng Zhao

Explaining the decision-making processes of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models is crucial for addressing their "black box" nature, particularly in tasks like image classification. Traditional eXplainable AI (XAI) methods typically rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Yifei Zhang , Tianxu Jiang , Bo Pan , Jingyu Wang , Guangji Bai , Liang Zhao