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Satellites provide seamless coverage and are critical for emergency communications during natural disasters. However, their performance is constrained by limited spectrum and high deployment cost. To address these issues, we propose a fluid…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Tianyu Han , Yongxu Zhu , Gan Zheng , Pantelis-Daniel Arapoglou

Recent advances in reinforcement learning for foundation models, such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), have significantly improved the performance of foundation models on reasoning tasks. Notably, the advantage function serves…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Wenke Huang , Quan Zhang , Yiyang Fang , Jian Liang , Xuankun Rong , Huanjin Yao , Guancheng Wan , Ke Liang , Wenwen He , Mingjun Li , Leszek Rutkowski , Mang Ye , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising solution for the future sixth-generation (6G) system. However, classical fixed-position antenna (FPA) ISAC systems fail to fully utilize spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs), resulting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Yuan Guo , Wen Chen , Qingqing Wu , Yang Liu , Qiong Wu

Movable antenna (MA) technology offers a flexible approach to enhancing wireless channel conditions by adjusting antenna positions within a designated region. While most existing works focus on narrowband MA systems, this paper investigates…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-03 Ruixi Feng , Weidong Mei , Lele Lu , Xin Wei , Zhi Chen , Zhen Gao , Boyu Ning

This paper proposes a novel liquid intelligent metasurface (LIM)-assisted downlink multi-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) system, wherein both the base station (BS) and the metasurface are respectively equipped with fluid antennas…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Li-Hsiang Shen

In this letter, we investigate the fundamental limits of localization in fluid antenna systems (FAS) utilizing a Fisher-information-theoretic framework. We develop a unified model to quantify the localization information extractable from…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-17 Abdelhamid Salem , Kai-Kit Wong , Hyundong Shin , Yangyang Zhang

This paper addresses the challenge of large model (LM)-embedded wireless network for handling the trade-off problem of model accuracy and network latency. To guarantee a high-quality of users' service, the network latency should be…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Yichen Jin , Zongze Li , Zeyi Ren , Qingfeng Lin , Yik-Chung Wu

Fluid antenna (FA) has become a highly promising technology and has recently been used to enhance the integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system. However, the scenario where sensing targets act as eavesdroppers in ISAC and how to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yunxiao Li , Qian Zhang , Xuejun Cheng , Zhiguo Wang , Xiaoyan Wang , Hongji Xu , Ju Liu

This paper investigates a multiuser millimeter-wave (mmWave) uplink system in which each user is equipped with a multi-antenna fluid antenna system (FAS) while the base station (BS) has multiple fixed-position antennas. Our primary…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Hao Xu , Kai-Kit Wong , Wee Kiat New , Farshad Rostami Ghadi , Gui Zhou , Ross Murch , Chan-Byoung Chae , Yongxu Zhu , Shi Jin

This paper presents the concept, design, channel modeling, beamforming algorithm development, prototype fabrication, and experimental measurement of an electromagnetically reconfigurable fluid antenna system (ER-FAS), in which each FAS…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Ruiqi Wang , Pinjun Zheng , Vijith Varma Kotte , Sakandar Rauf , Yiming Yang , Muhammad Mahboob Ur Rahman , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Atif Shamim

As a pivotal usage scenario for 6G networks, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has emerged as a focal point of both academic and industrial research. To accommodate the heterogeneous connectivity requirements of future networks…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-29 Qinyuan Zheng , Pengcheng Zhu

Fluid antenna system promises to obtain enormous diversity in the small space of a mobile device by switching the position of the radiating element to the most desirable position from a large number of prescribed locations of the given…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Zhi Chai , Kai-Kit Wong , Kin-Fai Tong , Yu Chen , Yangyang Zhang

In-band full-duplex (IBFD) systems are expected to double the spectral efficiency compared to half-duplex systems, provided that loopback self-interference (SI) can be effectively suppressed. The inherent interference mitigation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hanjiang Hong , Kai-Kit Wong , Hao Xu , Yiyan Wu , Sai Xu , Chan-Byoung Chae , Baiyang Liu , Kin-Fai Tong

Fluid antenna systems represent an innovative approach in wireless communication, recently applied in multiple access to optimize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio through port selection. This letter frames the port selection…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Pedro D. Alvim , Hugerles S. Silva , Ugo S. Dias , Osamah S. Badarneh , Felipe A. P. Figueiredo , Rausley A. A. de Souza

In this letter, we develop a continuous fluid antenna (FA) framework for uplink channel estimation in cell-free massive multiple-input and multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) systems. By modeling the wireless channel as a spatially correlated…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Masoud Kaveh , Farshad Rostami Ghadi , Francisco Hernando-Gallego , Diego Martin , Riku Jantti , Kai-Kit Wong

A novel scalable pixel-based reconfigurable beamforming network (PRBFN) that can be used to form a Fluid Antenna System (FAS), referred to as a PRBFN-FAS, is introduced. The concept of FAS has emerged as an attractive new technology for use…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-04 Jichen Zhang , Junhui Rao , Tianqu Kang , Zhaoyang Ming , Yijun Chen , Alikhan Umirbayev , Chi-Yuk Chiu , Ross Murch

Fluid antenna systems (FAS) achieve spatial diversity by dynamically switching among $N$ densely packed ports, but the resulting spatially correlated Rayleigh channels render exact outage analysis intractable. Existing block-correlation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Tuo Wu

This paper investigates a fluid antenna system (FAS) where a single-antenna transmitter communicates with a receiver equipped with a fluid antenna (FA) over a Rician fading channel. Considering that multiple ports among the M available FA…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-13 Tummi Ganesh , Soumya P. Dash , Italo Atzeni

Reconfigurability is a desired characteristic of future communication networks. From a transceiver's standpoint, this can be materialized through the implementation of fluid antennas (FAs). An FA consists of a dielectric holder, in which a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-26 Constantinos Psomas , Ghassan M. Kraidy , Kai-Kit Wong , Ioannis Krikidis

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system has been the defining mobile communications technology in recent generations. With the ever-increasing demands looming towards the sixth generation (6G), we are in need of additional degrees of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Wee Kiat New , Kai-Kit Wong , Hao Xu , Kin-Fai Tong , Chan-Byoung Chae