Related papers: Multi-color XFEL pulses with variable color separa…
The X-ray free electron lasers (XFEL) can enable diffractive structural determination of protein crystals or single molecules that are too radiation-sensitive for conventional X-ray analysis. However the electronic form factor could have…
In this paper we describe a measurement technique capable of resolving femtosecond X-ray pulses from XFEL facilities. Since these ultrashort pulses are themselves the shortest event available, our measurement strategy is to let the X-ray…
We present a set-up for time-resolved X-ray diffraction based on a short pulse, laser-driven plasma X-ray source. The employed modular design provides high flexibility to adapt the set-up to the specific requirements (e.g. X-ray optics,…
We demonstrate the potential of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFEL) to advancethe understanding of complex plasma dynamics by allowing for the first time nanometer and femtosecond resolution at the same time in plasma diagnostics. Plasma…
Bright ultrashort X-ray pulses allow scientists to observe ultrafast motion of atoms and molecules. Coherent light sources, such as the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL), enable remarkable discoveries in cell biology, protein…
Split-pulse x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy has been proposed as one of the unique capabilities made possible with the x-ray free electron lasers. It enables characterization of atomic scale structural dynamics that dictates the…
A method is proposed to generate trains of few-cycle x-ray pulses from a Free-Electron Laser (FEL) amplifier via a compact 'afterburner' extension consisting of several few-period undulator sections separated by electron chicane delays.…
A growing number of shock compression experiments, especially those involving laser compression, are taking advantage of in situ x-ray diffraction as a tool to interrogate structure and microstructure evolution. Although these experiments…
The multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) method is used to determine phase information in x-ray crystallography by employing dispersion corrections from heavy atoms on coherent x-ray scattering. X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs)…
XUV and X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FELs) produce short wavelength pulses with high intensity, ultrashort duration, well-defined polarization and transverse coherence, and have been utilised for many experiments previously possible at long…
Recent advancements in X-ray light sources at synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) present exciting opportunities to probe molecular chirality using novel nonlinear spectroscopies with element-sensitivity. Circular dichroism…
Since the advent of x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), considerable efforts have been devoted to achieve x-ray pulses with better temporal coherence. Here, we put forward a scheme to generate fully coherent x-ray lasers (XRLs) based on…
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with megahertz repetition rate can provide novel insights into structural dynamics of biological macromolecule solutions. However, very high dose rates can lead to beam-induced dynamics and structural…
We present a new scheme for establishing longitudinal coherence in the output of X-ray FELs. It uses a sequence of undulators and delay chicanes and the careful tailoring of the initial e-beam with time dependent focusing. Simulation of a…
X-ray diffraction from molecules in the ground state produces an image of their charge density, and time-resolved X-ray diffraction can thus monitor the motion of the nuclei. However, the density change of excited valence electrons upon…
Recent developments of high-reputation-rate X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) such as European XFEL and LSCS-II, combined with coincidence measurements at the COLTRIMS-Reaction Microscope, is now opening a door to realize a long-standing…
Single molecule imaging is one of the main target areas of X-ray free electron lasers. It relies on the possibility of orienting the large number of low counting statistics 2D diffraction patterns taken at random orientations of identical…
We have investigated multiphoton multiple ionization dynamics of argon and xenon atoms using a new x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facility, SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) in Japan, and identified that highly charged…
The development of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has enabled ultrafast X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments, which are capable of resolving electronic/vibrational transitions and structural changes in molecules, or capturing molecular…
FLASH is the first soft X-ray FEL user facility, routinely providing brilliant photon beams for users since 2005. The second undulator branch of this facility, FLASH2, is gap-tunable which allows to test and use advanced lasing concepts. In…