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Understanding the risks posed by extreme rainfall events requires analysis of precipitation fields with high resolution (to assess localized hazards) and extensive historical coverage (to capture sufficient examples of rare occurrences).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yuhao Liu , James Doss-Gollin , Qiushi Dai , Ashok Veeraraghavan , Guha Balakrishnan

A location- and scale-invariant predictor is constructed which exhibits good probability matching for extreme predictions outside the span of data drawn from a variety of (stationary) general distributions. It is constructed via the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-07-30 Allan McRobie

To facilitate effective decision-making, precipitation datasets should include uncertainty estimates. Quantile regression with machine learning has been proposed for issuing such estimates. Distributional regression offers distinct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Georgia Papacharalampous , Hristos Tyralis , Nikolaos Doulamis , Anastasios Doulamis

Forecast systems in science and technology are increasingly moving beyond point prediction toward methods that produce full predictive distributions of future outcomes y, conditional on high-dimensional and complex sequences of inputs x.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-13 Elizabeth Cucuzzella , Rafael Izbicki , Ann B. Lee

Accurate and timely rain prediction is crucial for decision making and is also a challenging task. This paper presents a solution which won the 2 nd prize in the Weather4cast 2022 NeurIPS competition using 3D U-Nets and EarthFormers for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Yang Li , Haiyu Dong , Zuliang Fang , Jonathan Weyn , Pete Luferenko

The recent revolution in data-driven methods for weather forecasting has lead to a fragmented landscape of complex, bespoke architectures and training strategies, obscuring the fundamental drivers of forecast accuracy. Here, we demonstrate…

Regularly varying space-time processes have proved useful to study extremal dependence in space-time data. We propose a semiparametric estimation procedure based on a closed form expression of the extremogram to estimate parametric models…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-17 Sven Buhl , Richard A. Davis , Claudia Klüppelberg , Christina Steinkohl

A common approach for modeling extremes, such as peak flow or high temperatures, is the three-parameter Generalized Extreme-Value distribution. This is typically fit to extreme observations, here defined as maxima over disjoint blocks. This…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-07 Nathan Huet , Ilaria Prosdocimi

Accurate precipitation estimation is critical for hydrological applications, especially in the Global South where ground-based observation networks are sparse and forecasting skill is limited. Existing satellite-based precipitation products…

The coarse spatial resolution of gridded climate models, such as general circulation models, limits their direct use in projecting socially relevant variables like extreme precipitation. Most downscaling methods estimate the conditional…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Louise Largeau , Tom Beucler , David Leutwyler , Gregoire Mariethoz , Valerie Chavez-Demoulin , Erwan Koch

Accurate precipitation forecasting is essential for hydrometeorological risk management, especially for anticipating extreme rainfall that can lead to flash flooding and infrastructure damage. This study introduces a diffusion-based deep…

Improving the representation of precipitation in Earth system models (ESMs) is critical for assessing the impacts of climate change and especially of extreme events like floods and droughts. In existing ESMs, precipitation is not resolved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Michael Aich , Sebastian Bathiany , Philipp Hess , Yu Huang , Niklas Boers

In this chapter, we show how to efficiently model high-dimensional extreme peaks-over-threshold events over space in complex non-stationary settings, using extended latent Gaussian Models (LGMs), and how to exploit the fitted model in…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-07 Arnab Hazra , Raphaël Huser , Árni V. Jóhannesson

Precipitation nowcasting is a short-range forecast of rain/snow (up to 2 hours), often displayed on top of the geographical map by the weather service. Modern precipitation nowcasting algorithms rely on the extrapolation of observations by…

Conformal prediction is a popular method to construct prediction intervals with marginal coverage guarantees from black-box machine learning models. In applications with potentially high-impact events, such as flooding or financial crises,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-02 Olivier C. Pasche , Henry Lam , Sebastian Engelke

Employing data augmentation methods to enhance perception performance in adverse weather has attracted considerable attention recently. Most of the LiDAR augmentation methods post-process the existing dataset by physics-based models or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Donglin Yang , Zhenfeng Liu , Wentao Jiang , Guohang Yan , Xing Gao , Botian Shi , Si Liu , Xinyu Cai

Effective hydrological modeling and extreme weather analysis demand precipitation data at a kilometer-scale resolution, which is significantly finer than the 10 km scale offered by standard global products like IMERG. To address this, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Chugang Yi , Minghan Yu , Weikang Qian , Yixin Wen , Haizhao Yang

Precipitation forecasting relies on heterogeneous data. Weather radar is accurate, but coverage is geographically limited and costly to maintain. Weather stations provide accurate but sparse point measurements, while satellites offer dense,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Doyi Kim , Minseok Seo , Changick Kim

To mitigate the impacts associated with adverse weather conditions, meteorological services issue weather warnings to the general public. These warnings rely heavily on forecasts issued by underlying prediction systems. When deciding which…

Applications · Statistics 2022-09-13 Sam Allen , Jonas Bhend , Olivia Martius , Johanna Ziegel

Intense precipitation events are commonly known to be associated with an increased risk of flooding. As a result of the societal and infrastructural risks linked with flooding, extremes of precipitation require careful modelling. Extreme…

Applications · Statistics 2017-10-06 Paul Sharkey , Hugo C. Winter