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Related papers: Combining Evidence and Reasoning for Biomedical Fa…

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Large Language Models have significantly advanced natural language processing tasks, but remain prone to generating incorrect or misleading but plausible arguments. This issue, known as hallucination, is particularly concerning in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Ahmad Aghaebrahimian

While large language models have transformed how we interact with AI systems, they have a critical weakness: they confidently state false information that sounds entirely plausible. This "hallucination" problem has become a major barrier to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Piyushkumar Patel

Biomedical retrieval-augmented large language models (LLMs) often face evidence that is incomplete, misleading, or internally contradictory, yet evaluation usually emphasizes answer accuracy under helpful context rather than reliability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yikun Han , Mengfei Lan , Halil Kilicoglu

With the rapid advancement of generative AI, synthetic content across images, videos, and audio has become increasingly realistic, amplifying the risk of misinformation. Existing detection approaches predominantly focus on binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Xu Yang , Qi Zhang , Shuming Jiang , Yaowen Xu , Zhaofan Zou , Hao Sun , Xuelong Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance on diverse medical benchmarks, highlighting their potential in supporting real-world clinical tasks. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a key approach for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Kaishuai Xu , Wenjun Hou , Yi Cheng , Wenjie Li

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for clinical reasoning and decision support, but evaluation in realistic, electronic health record-congruent settings remains limited. Existing benchmarks often rely on static datasets or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Valentina Bui Muti , Eugénie Dulout , Ziquan Fu

AI policy should advance AI innovation by ensuring that its potential benefits are responsibly realized and widely shared. To achieve this, AI policymaking should place a premium on evidence: Scientific understanding and systematic analysis…

In this paper, we present the current progress of the project Verif.ai, an open-source scientific generative question-answering system with referenced and verified answers. The components of the system are (1) an information retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Miloš Košprdić , Adela Ljajić , Bojana Bašaragin , Darija Medvecki , Nikola Milošević

Despite the growing popularity of audio platforms, fact-checking spoken content remains significantly underdeveloped. Misinformation in speech often unfolds across multi-turn dialogues, shaped by speaker interactions, disfluencies,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Chaewan Chun , Lysandre Terrisse , Delvin Ce Zhang , Dongwon Lee

Generating textual rationales from large vision-language models (LVLMs) to support trainable multimodal misinformation detectors has emerged as a promising paradigm. However, its effectiveness is fundamentally limited by three core…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Herun Wan , Jiaying Wu , Minnan Luo , Xiangzheng Kong , Zihan Ma , Zhi Zeng

Electronic health records (EHR) offer unprecedented opportunities for in-depth clinical phenotyping and prediction of clinical outcomes. Combining multiple data sources is crucial to generate a complete picture of disease prevalence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Anna Munoz-Farre , Harry Rose , Sera Aylin Cakiroglu

The increasing rate at which scientific knowledge is discovered and health claims shared online has highlighted the importance of developing efficient fact-checking systems for scientific claims. The usual setting for this task in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Juraj Vladika , Florian Matthes

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used for complex research tasks such as literature review, idea generation, and scientific paper analysis, yet their ability to truly understand and process the intricate relationships…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Shashidhar Reddy Javaji , Yupeng Cao , Haohang Li , Yangyang Yu , Nikhil Muralidhar , Zining Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are fluent but prone to hallucinations, producing answers that appear plausible yet are unsupported by available evidence. This failure is especially problematic in high-stakes domains where decisions must be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 J. Ben Tamo , Yuxing Lu , Benoit L. Marteau , Micky C. Nnamdi , May D. Wang

Current medical retrieval benchmarks primarily emphasize lexical or shallow semantic similarity, overlooking the reasoning-intensive demands that are central to clinical decision-making. In practice, physicians often retrieve authoritative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xiangxu Zhang , Lei Li , Xiao Zhou , Zheng Liu

Cross-domain knowledge alignment is essential for integrating heterogeneous medical systems, yet existing approaches typically treat entity alignment as a static matching problem, ignoring query context and cross-system asymmetry. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yan Jiao , Jingran Xu , Pin-Han Ho , Limei Peng

This paper proposes CES, a task to evaluate the abilities of LLMs in simulating program execution and using that reasoning in programming tasks. Besides measuring the correctness of variable predictions during execution simulation, CES…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Changshu Liu , Yang Chen , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate fluent and convincing responses, they are not necessarily correct. This is especially apparent in the popular decompose-then-verify factuality evaluation pipeline, where LLMs evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Heyuan Huang , Alexandra DeLucia , Vijay Murari Tiyyala , Mark Dredze

With the growing complexity of fact verification tasks, the concern with "thoughtful" reasoning capabilities is increasing. However, recent fact verification benchmarks mainly focus on checking a narrow scope of semantic factoids within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Jiasheng Si , Yibo Zhao , Yingjie Zhu , Haiyang Zhu , Wenpeng Lu , Deyu Zhou

The rapid spread of misinformation in the digital era poses significant challenges to public discourse, necessitating robust and scalable fact-checking solutions. Traditional human-led fact-checking methods, while credible, struggle with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Tam Trinh , Manh Nguyen , Truong-Son Hy
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