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Code-generating Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly accelerate software development. However, their frequent generation of insecure code presents serious risks. We present a comprehensive evaluation of seven parameter-efficient…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Kiho Lee , Jungkon Kim , Doowon Kim , Hyoungshick Kim

Recently, large language models (LLMs) fine-tuned to follow human instruction have exhibited significant capabilities in various English NLP tasks. However, their performance in grammatical error correction (GEC) tasks, particularly in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Sang Yun Kwon , Gagan Bhatia , El Moatez Billah Nagoud , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) are at the forefront of advances in Natural Language Processing. One widespread use case of PLMs is "prompting" - or in-context learning - where a user provides a description of a task and some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Christopher Toukmaji

Fine-tuning all parameters of Large Language Models (LLMs) is computationally expensive. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods address this by selectively fine-tuning specific parameters. Most of the parameter efficient fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ming Dong , Kang Xue , Bolong Zheng , Tingting He

This paper presents a novel approach to fine-tuning the Qwen2-1.5B model for Arabic language processing using Quantized Low-Rank Adaptation (QLoRA) on a system with only 4GB VRAM. We detail the process of adapting this large language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Prakash Aryan

The entry of large language models (LLMs) into research and commercial spaces has led to a trend of ever-larger models, with initial promises of generalisability, followed by a widespread desire to downsize and create specialised models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Niall Taylor , Upamanyu Ghose , Omid Rohanian , Mohammadmahdi Nouriborji , Andrey Kormilitzin , David Clifton , Alejo Nevado-Holgado

Large language models (LLMs) for Arabic are still dominated by Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), with limited support for Saudi dialects such as Najdi and Hijazi. This underrepresentation hinders their ability to capture authentic dialectal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Hassan Barmandah

Arabic dialect identification (ADI) tools are an important part of the large-scale data collection pipelines necessary for training speech recognition models. As these pipelines require application of ADI tools to potentially out-of-domain…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-07 Peter Sullivan , AbdelRahim Elmadany , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Dense retrieval (DR) converts queries and documents into dense embeddings and measures the similarity between queries and documents in vector space. One of the challenges in DR is the lack of domain-specific training data. While DR models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhiyuan Peng , Xuyang Wu , Qifan Wang , Yi Fang

With the continuous growth in the number of parameters of transformer-based pretrained language models (PLMs), particularly the emergence of large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters, many natural language processing (NLP)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Lingling Xu , Haoran Xie , Si-Zhao Joe Qin , Xiaohui Tao , Fu Lee Wang

Adapting pretrained language models to novel domains, such as clinical applications, traditionally involves retraining their entire set of parameters. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) techniques for fine-tuning language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Aryo Pradipta Gema , Pasquale Minervini , Luke Daines , Tom Hope , Beatrice Alex

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) aims to adapt pre-trained models to specific tasks using relatively small and domain-specific datasets. Among Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) stands out by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yarui Cao , Kai Liu

Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods are proposed as an alternative fine-tuning approach for Large Language Models (LLM) to minimize high training costs. While prior research demonstrates the effectiveness of PEFT methods in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Amirreza Esmaeili , Iman Saberi , Fatemeh H. Fard

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have found their use in numerous industrial applications in very diverse domains creating a need to adapt to new domains with small memory and deployment overhead. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Saket Dingliwal , Ashish Shenoy , Sravan Bodapati , Ankur Gandhe , Ravi Teja Gadde , Katrin Kirchhoff

Context: The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked significant interest in leveraging their capabilities for automating code review processes. Prior studies often focus on developing LLMs for code review automation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Chanathip Pornprasit , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is widely used for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) for various tasks. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for fine-tuning a single LLM for multiple tasks because it requires overall…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Anjir Ahmed Chowdhury , Syed Zawad , Xiaolong Ma , Xu Dong , Feng Yan

Recent work has demonstrated that using parameter efficient tuning techniques such as prefix tuning (or P-tuning) on pretrained language models can yield performance that is comparable or superior to fine-tuning while dramatically reducing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Stephen Obadinma , Hongyu Guo , Xiaodan Zhu

We study few-shot Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks with Large Language Models (LLMs) in federated learning (FL) scenarios. It is a challenging task due to limited labeled data and communication capacities in FL, especially with…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Jingang Jiang , Xiangyang Liu , Chenyou Fan

This article focuses on large language models (LLMs) fine-tuning in the scarce data regime (also known as the "few-shot" learning setting). We propose a method to increase the generalization capabilities of LLMs based on neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Louis Falissard , Vincent Guigue , Laure Soulier

Audio-Language Models (ALMs) have recently achieved remarkable success in zero-shot audio recognition tasks, which match features of audio waveforms with class-specific text prompt features, inspired by advancements in Vision-Language…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Asif Hanif , Maha Tufail Agro , Mohammad Areeb Qazi , Hanan Aldarmaki