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Federated learning (FL) enables multiple parties to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing their data; rather, they train their own model locally and send updates to a central server for aggregation. Depending on how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Mohammad Naseri , Yufei Han , Emiliano De Cristofaro

Federated Learning (FL) allows multiple clients to collaboratively train a Neural Network (NN) model on their private data without revealing the data. Recently, several targeted poisoning attacks against FL have been introduced. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Phillip Rieger , Thien Duc Nguyen , Markus Miettinen , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Without direct access to the client's data, federated learning (FL) is well-known for its unique strength in data privacy protection among existing distributed machine learning techniques. However, its distributive and iterative nature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hanxi Guo , Hao Wang , Tao Song , Tianhang Zheng , Yang Hua , Haibing Guan , Xiangyu Zhang

Federated learning has received significant attention for its ability to simultaneously protect customer privacy and leverage distributed data from multiple devices for model training. However, conventional approaches often focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jiahao Zeng , Wolong Xing , Liangtao Shi , Xin Huang , Jialin Wang , Zhile Cao , Zhenkui Shi

Personalized federated learning (PFL) creates client-specific models to handle data heterogeneity. Previously, PFL has been shown to be naturally resistant to backdoor attack propagation across clients. In this work, we reveal that PFL…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Nahom Birhan , Daniel Wesego , Dereje Shenkut , Frank Liu , Daniel Takabi

Backdoor attacks involve the injection of a limited quantity of poisoned examples containing triggers into the training dataset. During the inference stage, backdoor attacks can uphold a high level of accuracy for normal examples, yet when…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Hanfeng Xia , Haibo Hong , Ruili Wang

With the rapid development of machine learning and a growing concern for data privacy, federated learning has become a focal point of attention. However, attacks on model parameters and a lack of incentive mechanisms hinder the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yang Li , Chunhe Xia , Wanshuang Lin , Tianbo Wang

Despite the promise of Federated Learning (FL) for privacy-preserving model training on distributed data, it remains susceptible to backdoor attacks. These attacks manipulate models by embedding triggers (specific input patterns) in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Tuan Nguyen , Dung Thuy Nguyen , Khoa D Doan , Kok-Seng Wong

Federated learning (FL) allows participants to jointly train a machine learning model without sharing their private data with others. However, FL is vulnerable to poisoning attacks such as backdoor attacks. Consequently, a variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Kavita Kumari , Phillip Rieger , Hossein Fereidooni , Murtuza Jadliwala , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

The goal of federated learning (FL) is to train one global model by aggregating model parameters updated independently on edge devices without accessing users' private data. However, FL is susceptible to backdoor attacks where a small…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Yein Kim , Huili Chen , Farinaz Koushanfar

Federated Learning (FL) is a technique that allows multiple parties to train a shared model collaboratively without disclosing their private data. It has become increasingly popular due to its distinct privacy advantages. However, FL models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Syed Irfan Ali Meerza , Jian Liu

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized model training while preserving privacy. Recently, the integration of Foundation Models (FMs) into FL has enhanced performance but introduced a novel backdoor attack mechanism. Attackers can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xiaohuan Bi , Xi Li

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed training paradigm wherein participants collaborate to build a global model while ensuring the privacy of the involved data, which remains stored on participant devices. However, proposals aiming to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Nicolas Riccieri Gardin Assumpcao , Leandro Villas

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) focuses on handling vertically partitioned data over FL participants. Recent studies have discovered a significant vulnerability in VFL to backdoor attacks which specifically target the distinct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Yungi Cho , Woorim Han , Miseon Yu , Younghan Lee , Ho Bae , Yunheung Paek

Federated Learning (FL) is a paradigm in Machine Learning (ML) that addresses data privacy, security, access rights and access to heterogeneous information issues by training a global model using distributed nodes. Despite its advantages,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Ranwa Al Mallah , David Lopez , Godwin Badu Marfo , Bilal Farooq

Backdoor attacks poison the training data, causing the model to behave normally on clean inputs but predict attacker-chosen labels when trigger patterns are embedded into the input samples. Defending against such attacks is highly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Wei Guo , Maura Pintor , Ambra Demontis , Battista Biggio

By using a control variate to calibrate the local gradient of each client, Scaffold has been widely known as a powerful solution to mitigate the impact of data heterogeneity in Federated Learning. Although Scaffold achieves significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Xingshuo Han , Xuanye Zhang , Xiang Lan , Haozhao Wang , Shengmin Xu , Shen Ren , Jason Zeng , Ming Wu , Michael Heinrich , Tianwei Zhang

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) offers a novel paradigm in machine learning, enabling distinct entities to train models cooperatively while maintaining data privacy. This method is particularly pertinent when entities possess datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Mengde Han , Tianqing Zhu , Lefeng Zhang , Huan Huo , Wanlei Zhou

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a decentralized machine learning technique, allowing clients to train a global model collaboratively without sharing private data. However, most FL studies ignore the crucial challenge of heterogeneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Huy Q. Le , Ye Lin Tun , Yu Qiao , Minh N. H. Nguyen , Keon Oh Kim , Eui-Nam Huh , Choong Seon Hong

As a distributed collaborative machine learning paradigm, vertical federated learning (VFL) allows multiple passive parties with distinct features and one active party with labels to collaboratively train a model. Although it is known for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yige Liu , Yiwei Lou , Che Wang , Yongzhi Cao , Hanpin Wang