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This paper presents a batch classifier that has been improved from the earlier version and fixed a mistake in the earlier paper. Two important changes have been made. Each category is represented by a classifier, where each classifier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Kieran Greer

Machine learning methods for estimating treatment effect heterogeneity promise greater flexibility than existing methods that test a few pre-specified hypotheses. However, one problem these methods can have is that it can be challenging to…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-08-05 Patrick Rehill

This paper presents a new ensemble learning method for classification problems called projection pursuit random forest (PPF). PPF uses the PPtree algorithm introduced in Lee et al. (2013). In PPF, trees are constructed by splitting on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-24 Natalia da Silva , Dianne Cook , Eun-Kyung Lee

Decision trees are popular machine learning models that are simple to build and easy to interpret. Even though algorithms to learn decision trees date back to almost 50 years, key properties affecting their generalization error are still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Jean-Samuel Leboeuf , Frédéric LeBlanc , Mario Marchand

Model trees provide an appealing way to perform interpretable machine learning for both classification and regression problems. In contrast to ``classic'' decision trees with constant values in their leaves, model trees can use linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Sabino Francesco Roselli , Eibe Frank

We propose a simple extension of top-down decision tree learning heuristics such as ID3, C4.5, and CART. Our algorithm achieves provable guarantees for all target functions $f: \{-1,1\}^n \to \{-1,1\}$ with respect to the uniform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Guy Blanc , Neha Gupta , Jane Lange , Li-Yang Tan

A new random forest based model for solving the Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem under small tabular data, called Soft Tree Ensemble MIL (STE-MIL), is proposed. A new type of soft decision trees is considered, which is similar to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Andrei V. Konstantinov , Lev V. Utkin

We consider the use of decision trees for decision-making problems under the predict-then-optimize framework. That is, we would like to first use a decision tree to predict unknown input parameters of an optimization problem, and then make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Adam N. Elmachtoub , Jason Cheuk Nam Liang , Ryan McNellis

The adoption of the distributed paradigm has allowed applications to increase their scalability, robustness and fault tolerance, but it has also complicated their structure, leading to an exponential growth of the applications'…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Ioannis Giannakopoulos , Dimitrios Tsoumakos , Nectarios Koziris

Learning algorithms produce software models for realising critical classification tasks. Decision trees models are simpler than other models such as neural network and they are used in various critical domains such as the medical and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Tianqi Xiao , Omer Nguena Timo , Florent Avellaneda , Yasir Malik , Stefan Bruda

Dual-tree algorithms are a widely used class of branch-and-bound algorithms. Unfortunately, developing dual-tree algorithms for use with different trees and problems is often complex and burdensome. We introduce a four-part logical split:…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-04-17 Ryan R. Curtin , William B. March , Parikshit Ram , David V. Anderson , Alexander G. Gray , Charles L. Isbell

Decision tree ensembles (DTE) are a popular model for a wide range of AI classification tasks, used in multiple safety critical domains, and hence verifying properties on these models has been an active topic of study over the last decade.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 S. Akshay , Chaitanya Garg , Ashutosh Gupta , Kuldeep S. Meel , Ajinkya Naik

We consider supervised learning with random decision trees, where the tree construction is completely random. The method is popularly used and works well in practice despite the simplicity of the setting, but its statistical mechanism is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-06 Mariusz Bojarski , Anna Choromanska , Krzysztof Choromanski , Yann LeCun

Evaluating machine unlearning remains challenging, as existing methods typically require retraining reference models or performing membership inference attacks, both of which rely on prior access to training configuration or supervision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chenhao Zhang , Muxing Li , Feng Liu , Weitong Chen , Miao Xu

Sparse decision tree learning provides accurate and interpretable predictive models that are ideal for high-stakes applications by finding the single most accurate tree within a (soft) size limit. Rather than relying on a single "best"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Elif Arslan , Jacobus G. M. van der Linden , Serge Hoogendoorn , Marco Rinaldi , Emir Demirović

The prevailing mindset is that a single decision tree underperforms classic random forests in testing accuracy, despite its advantages in interpretability and lightweight structure. This study challenges such a mindset by significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Qiangqiang Mao , Yankai Cao

Besides serving as prediction models, classification trees are useful for finding important predictor variables and identifying interesting subgroups in the data. These functions can be compromised by weak split selection algorithms that…

Applications · Statistics 2010-11-03 Wei-Yin Loh

Constrained clustering is a semi-supervised task that employs a limited amount of labelled data, formulated as constraints, to incorporate domain-specific knowledge and to significantly improve clustering accuracy. Previous work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Pouya Shati , Eldan Cohen , Sheila McIlraith

Tree-based methods are powerful nonparametric techniques in statistics and machine learning. However, their effectiveness, particularly in finite-sample settings, is not fully understood. Recent applications have revealed their surprising…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-04 Hengrui Luo , Meng Li

Collapse Lineage Tree (CLTree) is a software tool that annotates, roots, and evaluates phylogenetic trees by using lineages. A recursive algorithm was designed to annotate the branches by the common taxonomic lineage of its descendants in a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-25 Guanghong Zuo