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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great promise in generating code, especially when used inside an evolutionary computation framework to iteratively optimize the generated algorithms. However, in some cases they fail to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Niki van Stein , Anna V. Kononova , Lars Kotthoff , Thomas Bäck

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely employed in programming language analysis to enhance human productivity. Yet, their reliability can be compromised by various code distribution shifts, leading to inconsistent outputs. While…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Yufei Li , Simin Chen , Yanghong Guo , Wei Yang , Yue Dong , Cong Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new potential for automating documentation-to-code traceability, yet their capabilities remain underexplored. We present a comprehensive evaluation of LLMs (Claude 3.5 Sonnet, GPT-4o, and o3-mini) in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Ebube Alor , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Emad Shihab

Identifying vulnerabilities in source code is crucial, especially in critical software components. Existing methods such as static analysis, dynamic analysis, formal verification, and recently Large Language Models are widely used to detect…

Software vulnerabilities pose significant risks to the security and integrity of software systems. Although prior studies have explored vulnerability detection using deep learning and pre-trained models, these approaches often fail to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Qiheng Mao , Zhenhao Li , Xing Hu , Kui Liu , Xin Xia , Jianling Sun

Despite their remarkable success, large language models (LLMs) have shown limited ability on safety-critical code tasks such as vulnerability detection. Typically, static analysis (SA) tools, like CodeQL, CodeGuru Security, etc., are used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Ira Ceka , Feitong Qiao , Anik Dey , Aastha Valecha , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

With the increasing security issues in blockchain, smart contract vulnerability detection has become a research focus. Existing vulnerability detection methods have their limitations: 1) Static analysis methods struggle with complex…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Lei Yu , Shiqi Cheng , Zhirong Huang , Jingyuan Zhang , Chenjie Shen , Junyi Lu , Li Yang , Fengjun Zhang , Jiajia Ma

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are deployed and integrated into thousands of applications, the need for scalable evaluation of how models respond to adversarial attacks grows rapidly. However, LLM security is a moving target: models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Leon Derczynski , Erick Galinkin , Jeffrey Martin , Subho Majumdar , Nanna Inie

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive proficiency in code generation. Unfortunately, these models share a weakness with their human counterparts: producing code that inadvertently has security vulnerabilities. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Kamel Alrashedy , Abdullah Aljasser , Pradyumna Tambwekar , Matthew Gombolay

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3.5 and CodeLlama are powerful models for code generation and understanding. Fine-tuning these models comes with a high computational cost and requires a large labeled dataset. Alternatively,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Kamel Alrashedy , Ahmed Binjahlan

In computer security, designing a robust intrusion detection system is one of the most fundamental and important problems. In this paper, we propose a system-call language-modeling approach for designing anomaly-based host intrusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Gyuwan Kim , Hayoon Yi , Jangho Lee , Yunheung Paek , Sungroh Yoon

Despite the impressive performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software development activities, recent studies show the concern of introducing vulnerabilities into software codebase by AI programming assistants (e.g., Copilot,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Sung Yong Kim , Zhiyu Fan , Yannic Noller , Abhik Roychoudhury

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate considerable proficiency in numerous coding-related tasks; however, their capabilities in detecting software vulnerabilities remain limited. This limitation primarily stems from two factors: (1) the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Xin-Cheng Wen , Yijun Yang , Cuiyun Gao , Yang Xiao , Deheng Ye

Language models for code (CodeLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for code-related tasks, outperforming traditional methods and standard machine learning approaches. However, these models are susceptible to security vulnerabilities, drawing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yuchen Chen , Weisong Sun , Chunrong Fang , Zhenpeng Chen , Yifei Ge , Tingxu Han , Quanjun Zhang , Yang Liu , Zhenyu Chen , Baowen Xu

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have highlighted the potential for vulnerability detection, a crucial component of software quality assurance. Despite this progress, most studies have been limited to the perspective of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zhenyu Mao , Jialong Li , Dongming Jin , Munan Li , Kenji Tei

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) has made it difficult to distinguish human writing from machine-produced text in many real applications. Detectors that were effective for one generation of models tend to degrade when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sepyan Purnama Kristanto , Lutfi Hakim , Dianni Yusuf

The parallel evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) with advanced code-understanding capabilities and the increasing sophistication of malware presents a new frontier for cybersecurity research. This paper evaluates the efficacy of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Aniesh Chawla , Udbhav Prasad

Software testing is one of the important ways to ensure the quality of software. It is found that testing cost more than 50% of overall project cost. Effective and efficient software testing utilizes the minimum resources of software.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Ali Nawaz , Attique Ur Rehman , Muhammad Abbas

Large language models (LLMs) perform strongly on general-purpose code generation, yet their applicability to enterprise domain-specific languages (DSLs) remains underexplored, especially for repository-scale change generation spanning…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Sivajeet Chand , Kevin Nguyen , Peter Kuntz , Alexander Pretschner

In real world software development, improper or missing exception handling can severely impact the robustness and reliability of code. Exception handling mechanisms require developers to detect, capture, and manage exceptions according to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Xuanming Zhang , Yuxuan Chen , Yiming Zheng , Zhexin Zhang , Yuan Yuan , Minlie Huang