English
Related papers

Related papers: No Need for Learning to Defer? A Training Free Def…

200 papers

Segmentation models based on deep neural networks demonstrate strong generalization for medical image segmentation. However, they often exhibit overconfidence or underconfidence, leading to unreliable confidence scores for segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Qiuyu Tian , Haoliang Sun , Yunshan Wang , Yinghuan Shi , Yilong Yin

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance but face critical challenges: hallucinations and high inference costs. Leveraging multiple experts offers a solution: deferring uncertain inputs to more capable experts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Anqi Mao

We introduce the first one-stage Top-$k$ Learning-to-Defer framework, which unifies prediction and deferral by learning a shared score-based model that selects the $k$ most cost-effective entities-labels or experts-per input. While existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-14 Yannis Montreuil , Axel Carlier , Lai Xing Ng , Wei Tsang Ooi

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems play an increasingly prominent role in human decision-making, challenges surface in the realm of human-AI interactions. One challenge arises from the suboptimal AI policies due to the inadequate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-22 Guanting Chen , Xiaocheng Li , Chunlin Sun , Hanzhao Wang

The Two-Stage Learning-to-Defer (L2D) framework has been extensively studied for classification and, more recently, regression tasks. However, many real-world applications require solving both tasks jointly in a multi-task setting. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-15 Yannis Montreuil , Shu Heng Yeo , Axel Carlier , Lai Xing Ng , Wei Tsang Ooi

Applications of machine learning often involve making predictions based on both model outputs and the opinions of human experts. In this context, we investigate the problem of querying experts for class label predictions, using as few human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Markelle Kelly , Alex Boyd , Sam Showalter , Mark Steyvers , Padhraic Smyth

In human-AI collaboration, a central challenge is deciding whether the AI should handle a task, be deferred to a human expert, or be addressed through collaborative effort. Existing Learning to Defer approaches typically make binary choices…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chengbo He , Bochao Zou , Junliang Xing , Jiansheng Chen , Yuanchun Shi , Huimin Ma

We study post-hoc Learning to Defer (L2D) through the lens of ideal distributions: divergence-regularized reweightings of the data distribution under which a model attains low loss. We define deferral via the density-ratio between a model's…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-20 Alexander Soen , Ragnar Thobaben , Joakim Jaldén , Richard Nock

Decision support systems are designed to assist human experts in classification tasks by providing conformal prediction sets derived from a pre-trained model. This human-AI collaboration has demonstrated enhanced classification performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Helbert Paat , Guohao Shen

In hybrid human-machine deferral frameworks, a classifier can defer uncertain cases to human decision-makers (who are often themselves fallible). Prior work on simultaneous training of such classifier and deferral models has typically…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Vijay Keswani , Matthew Lease , Krishnaram Kenthapadi

Designing efficient algorithms for combinatorial optimization appears ubiquitously in various scientific fields. Recently, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) frameworks have gained considerable attention as a new approach: they can automate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Sungsoo Ahn , Younggyo Seo , Jinwoo Shin

With the development of Human-AI Collaboration in Classification (HAI-CC), integrating users and AI predictions becomes challenging due to the complex decision-making process. This process has three options: 1) AI autonomously classifies,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Zheng Zhang , Wenjie Ai , Kevin Wells , David Rosewarne , Thanh-Toan Do , Gustavo Carneiro

Enabling machine learning classifiers to defer their decision to a downstream expert when the expert is more accurate will ensure improved safety and performance. This objective can be achieved with the learning-to-defer framework which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Yuzhou Cao , Hussein Mozannar , Lei Feng , Hongxin Wei , Bo An

Automated AI classifiers should be able to defer the prediction to a human decision maker to ensure more accurate predictions. In this work, we jointly train a classifier with a rejector, which decides on each data point whether the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Hussein Mozannar , Hunter Lang , Dennis Wei , Prasanna Sattigeri , Subhro Das , David Sontag

Transfer learning borrows knowledge from a source domain to facilitate learning in a target domain. Two primary issues to be addressed in transfer learning are what and how to transfer. For a pair of domains, adopting different transfer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-21 Ying Wei , Yu Zhang , Qiang Yang

Expert decision makers are starting to rely on data-driven automated agents to assist them with various tasks. For this collaboration to perform properly, the human decision maker must have a mental model of when and when not to rely on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Hussein Mozannar , Arvind Satyanarayan , David Sontag

Practical Imitation Learning (IL) systems rely on large human demonstration datasets for successful policy learning. However, challenges lie in maintaining the quality of collected data and addressing the suboptimal nature of some…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Sachit Kuhar , Shuo Cheng , Shivang Chopra , Matthew Bronars , Danfei Xu

A binary classifier capable of abstaining from making a label prediction has two goals in tension: minimizing errors, and avoiding abstaining unnecessarily often. In this work, we exactly characterize the best achievable tradeoff between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-30 Akshay Balsubramani

Decision support systems for classification tasks are predominantly designed to predict the value of the ground truth labels. However, since their predictions are not perfect, these systems also need to make human experts understand when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Eleni Straitouri , Manuel Gomez Rodriguez

The i.i.d. assumption is a useful idealization that underpins many successful approaches to supervised machine learning. However, its violation can lead to models that learn to exploit spurious correlations in the training data, rendering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Daniel Pace , Alessandra Russo , Murray Shanahan