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A graph $G$ admiting a $2$-factor is \textit{pseudo $2$-factor isomorphic} if the parity of the number of cycles in all its $2$-factors is the same. In [M. Abreu, A.A. Diwan, B. Jackson, D. Labbate and J. Sheehan. Pseudo $2$-factor…

This paper is concerned with the linkedness of Cartesian products of complete graphs. A graph with at least $2k$ vertices is {\it $k$-linked} if, for every set of $2k$ distinct vertices organised in arbitrary $k$ pairs of vertices, there…

The dual of a polyhedron is a polyhedron -- or in graph theoretical terms: the dual of a 3-connected plane graph is a 3-connected plane graph. Astonishingly, except for sufficiently large facewidth, not much is known about the connectivity…

The prism over a graph $G$ is the Cartesian product of $G$ with the complete graph $K_2$. A graph $G$ is hamiltonian if there exists a spanning cycle in $G$, and $G$ is prism-hamiltonian if the prism over $G$ is hamiltonian. In…

The square of a graph G, denoted G^2, is the graph obtained from G by joining by an edge any two nonadjacent vertices which have a common neighbor. A graph G is said to have the F_k property if for any set of k distinct vertices {x_1, x_2,…

The k-fold Cartesian product of a graph G is defined as a graph on k-tuples of vertices, where two tuples are connected if they form an edge in one of the positions and are equal in the rest. Starting with G as a single edge gives G^k as a…

Let $T$ be a quadratic operator on a complex Hilbert space $H$. We show that $T$ can be written as a product of two positive contractions if and only if $T$ is of the form $$aI \oplus bI \oplus\begin{pmatrix} aI & P \cr 0 & bI \cr…

We introduce and study, for a process P delivering edges on the Cartesian product of the vertex sets of a given set of graphs, the P-product of these graphs, thereby generalizing many types of product graph. Analogous to the notion of a…

A graph $G$ is Hamiltonian-connected if there exists a Hamiltonian path between any two vertices of $G$. It is known that if $G$ is 2-connected then the graph $G^2$ is Hamiltonian-connected. In this paper we prove that the square of every…

We study embeddings of a graph $G$ in a surface $S$ by considering representatives of different classes of $H_1(S)$ and their intersections. We construct a matrix invariant that can be used to detect homological invariance of elements of…

We prove that every cyclically 4-edge-connected cubic graph that can be embedded in the torus, with the exceptional graph class called "Petersen-like", is 3-edge-colorable. This means every (non-trivial) toroidal snark can be obtained from…

Let $X$ be a complete $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial toric variety. We explicitly describe the space $H^2(X,T_X)$ and the cup product map $H^1(X,T_X)\times H^1(X,T_X)\to H^2(X,T_X)$ in combinatorial terms. Using this, we give an example of a smooth…

We study linkedness of Cartesian product of graphs and prove that the product of an $a$-linked and a $b$-linked graphs is $(a+b-1)$-linked if the graphs are sufficiently large. Further bounds in terms of connectivity are shown. We determine…

Trotter and Erd\"os found conditions for when a directed $m \times n$ grid graph on a torus is Hamiltonian. We consider the analogous graphs on a two-holed torus, and study their Hamiltonicity. We find an $\mathcal{O}(n^4)$ algorithm to…

In this paper we study Cartesian products of graphs and their divisorial gonality, which is a tropical version of the gonality of an algebraic curve. We present an upper bound on the gonality of the Cartesian product of any two graphs, and…

Product structure theorems are a collection of recent results that have been used to resolve a number of longstanding open problems on planar graphs and related graph classes. One particularly useful version states that every planar graph…

Whitney's theorem states that every 3-connected planar graph is uniquely embeddable on the sphere. On the other hand, it has many inequivalent embeddings on another surface. We shall characterize structures of a $3$-connected $3$-regular…

We define a grid graph $G$ as a Cartesian product of path-graphs $P_n$ or cycle-graphs $C_n$ as shown in Figure 1, and we ask, when can the edge set of a complete graph be expressed as a disjoint union of graphs isomorphic to $G$? That is,…

We give necessary conditions for the surjectivity of the higher Gaussian maps on a polarized K3 surface. As an application, we show that the higher $k$-th Gauss map for a general curve of genus $g$ (that depends quadratically with $k$) is…

A connected graph $G$ is of QE class if it admits a quadratic embedding in a Hilbert space, or equivalently if the distance matrix is conditionally negative definite, or equivalently if the quadratic embedding constant $\mathrm{QEC}(G)$ is…