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Recent advances in speech-aware language models have coupled strong acoustic encoders with large language models, enabling systems that move beyond transcription to produce richer outputs. Among these, word-level timestamp prediction is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Xulin Fan , Vishal Sunder , Samuel Thomas , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Brian Kingsbury , George Saon

The prevalence and impact of toxic discussions online have made content moderation crucial.Automated systems can play a vital role in identifying toxicity, and reducing the reliance on human moderation.Nevertheless, identifying toxic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Senjuti Dutta , Sid Mittal , Sherol Chen , Deepak Ramachandran , Ravi Rajakumar , Ian Kivlichan , Sunny Mak , Alena Butryna , Praveen Paritosh

In this paper, we explore the use of pre-trained language models to learn sentiment information of written texts for speech sentiment analysis. First, we investigate how useful a pre-trained language model would be in a 2-step pipeline…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Suwon Shon , Pablo Brusco , Jing Pan , Kyu J. Han , Shinji Watanabe

Situations and events evoke emotions in humans, but to what extent do they inform the prediction of emotion detection models? This work investigates how well human-annotated emotion triggers correlate with features that models deemed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Smriti Singh , Cornelia Caragea , Junyi Jessy Li

Annotator disagreement is ubiquitous in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. There are multiple reasons for such disagreements, including the subjectivity of the task, difficult cases, unclear guidelines, and so on. Rather than simply…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Naihao Deng , Xinliang Frederick Zhang , Siyang Liu , Winston Wu , Lu Wang , Rada Mihalcea

Real-world domain experts (e.g., doctors) rarely annotate only a decision label in their day-to-day workflow without providing explanations. Yet, existing low-resource learning techniques, such as Active Learning (AL), that aim to support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Bingsheng Yao , Ishan Jindal , Lucian Popa , Yannis Katsis , Sayan Ghosh , Lihong He , Yuxuan Lu , Shashank Srivastava , Yunyao Li , James Hendler , Dakuo Wang

We present the results of our system for the CoMeDi Shared Task, which predicts majority votes (Subtask 1) and annotator disagreements (Subtask 2). Our approach combines model ensemble strategies with MLP-based and threshold-based methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Zhu Liu , Zhen Hu , Ying Liu

In subjective NLP tasks, where a single ground truth does not exist, the inclusion of diverse annotators becomes crucial as their unique perspectives significantly influence the annotations. In realistic scenarios, the annotation budget…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Preni Golazizian , Alireza S. Ziabari , Ali Omrani , Morteza Dehghani

In NLP annotation, it is common to have multiple annotators label the text and then obtain the ground truth labels based on the agreement of major annotators. However, annotators are individuals with different backgrounds, and minors'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Ruyuan Wan , Jaehyung Kim , Dongyeop Kang

Labelled data is the foundation of most natural language processing tasks. However, labelling data is difficult and there often are diverse valid beliefs about what the correct data labels should be. So far, dataset creators have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Paul Röttger , Bertie Vidgen , Dirk Hovy , Janet B. Pierrehumbert

In this work, we tackle a problem of speech emotion classification. One of the issues in the area of affective computation is that the amount of annotated data is very limited. On the other hand, the number of ways that the same emotion can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-02 Egor Lakomkin , Cornelius Weber , Stefan Wermter

Speech emotion recognition is a challenging problem because human convey emotions in subtle and complex ways. For emotion recognition on human speech, one can either extract emotion related features from audio signals or employ speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Haiyang Xu , Hui Zhang , Kun Han , Yun Wang , Yiping Peng , Xiangang Li

Telling stories is an integral part of human communication which can evoke emotions and influence the affective states of the audience. Automatically modelling emotional trajectories in stories has thus attracted considerable scholarly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Lukas Christ , Shahin Amiriparian , Manuel Milling , Ilhan Aslan , Björn W. Schuller

Acoustic emotion recognition aims to categorize the affective state of the speaker and is still a difficult task for machine learning models. The difficulties come from the scarcity of training data, general subjectivity in emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-02 Egor Lakomkin , Cornelius Weber , Sven Magg , Stefan Wermter

The development of real-time affect detection models often depends upon obtaining annotated data for supervised learning by employing human experts to label the student data. One open question in annotating affective data for affect…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Eda Okur , Sinem Aslan , Nese Alyuz , Asli Arslan Esme , Ryan S. Baker

Recent work introduced the model of learning from discriminative feature feedback, in which a human annotator not only provides labels of instances, but also identifies discriminative features that highlight important differences between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Sanjoy Dasgupta , Sivan Sabato

It is common practice in text classification to only use one majority label for model training even if a dataset has been annotated by multiple annotators. Doing so can remove valuable nuances and diverse perspectives inherent in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Jin Xu , Mariët Theune , Daniel Braun

Semantic similarity between two sentences depends on the aspects considered between those sentences. To study this phenomenon, Deshpande et al. (2023) proposed the Conditional Semantic Textual Similarity (C-STS) task and annotated a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Gaifan Zhang , Yi Zhou , Danushka Bollegala

The most prominent tasks in emotion analysis are to assign emotions to texts and to understand how emotions manifest in language. An observation for NLP is that emotions can be communicated implicitly by referring to events, appealing to an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Enrica Troiano , Laura Oberländer , Roman Klinger

Generalization is an important attribute of machine learning models, particularly for those that are to be deployed in a medical context, where unreliable predictions can have real world consequences. While the failure of models to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Brennan Nichyporuk , Jillian Cardinell , Justin Szeto , Raghav Mehta , Jean-Pierre R. Falet , Douglas L. Arnold , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris , Tal Arbel