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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become essential in modern healthcare, with large language models (LLMs) offering promising advances in clinical decision-making. Traditional model-based approaches, including those leveraging in-context…

Rare diseases, including Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM), pose significant diagnostic challenges. Case reports serve as key but computationally underutilized resources to inform diagnosis. Clinical dense information extraction refers to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Xiao Yu Cindy Zhang , Carlos R. Ferreira , Francis Rossignol , Raymond T. Ng , Wyeth Wasserman , Jian Zhu

Navigating healthcare systems can be complex and overwhelming, creating barriers for patients seeking timely and appropriate medical attention. In this paper, we introduce C-PATH (Conversational Patient Assistance and Triage in Healthcare),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Qi Shi , Qiwei Han , Cláudia Soares

Machine reasoning has made great progress in recent years owing to large language models (LLMs). In the clinical domain, however, most NLP-driven projects mainly focus on clinical classification or reading comprehension, and under-explore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Taeyoon Kwon , Kai Tzu-iunn Ong , Dongjin Kang , Seungjun Moon , Jeong Ryong Lee , Dosik Hwang , Yongsik Sim , Beomseok Sohn , Dongha Lee , Jinyoung Yeo

Clinical decision making (CDM) is a complex, dynamic process crucial to healthcare delivery, yet it remains a significant challenge for artificial intelligence systems. While Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have been tested on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jie Liu , Wenxuan Wang , Zizhan Ma , Guolin Huang , Yihang SU , Kao-Jung Chang , Wenting Chen , Haoliang Li , Linlin Shen , Michael Lyu

Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a useful aid in numerous clinical applications for diagnosis and treatment decisions. Deep neural networks have shown same or better performance than clinicians in many tasks owing to the rapid…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-05 Zohaib Salahuddin , Henry C Woodruff , Avishek Chatterjee , Philippe Lambin

The application of large language models (LLMs) in clinical decision support faces significant challenges of "tunnel vision" and diagnostic hallucinations present in their processing unstructured electronic health records (EHRs). To address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhiqi Lv , Duofan Tu , Jun Li , Mingyue Zhao , Heqin Zhu , Wenliang Li , Shaohua Kevin Zhou

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease. Early and precise diagnosis of AD is crucial for timely intervention and treatment planning to alleviate the progressive neurodegeneration. However, most…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Wenlong Hou , Guangqian Yang , Ye Du , Yeung Lau , Lihao Liu , Junjun He , Ling Long , Shujun Wang

Dermatological care via telemedicine often lacks the rich context of in-person visits. Clinicians must make diagnoses based on a handful of images and brief descriptions, without the benefit of physical exams, second opinions, or reference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Karishma Thakrar , Shreyas Basavatia , Akshay Daftardar

We introduce AcuityBench, a benchmark for evaluating whether language models identify the appropriate urgency of care from user medical presentations. Existing health benchmarks emphasize medical question answering, broad health…

Recently, there has been a growing interest in developing AI-enabled chatbot-based symptom checker (CSC) apps in the healthcare market. CSC apps provide potential diagnoses for users and assist them with self-triaging based on Artificial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Yue You , Xinning Gui

This research paper outlines the development and implementation of a novel Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) that integrates AI predictive modeling with medical knowledge bases. It utilizes the quantifiable information elements in lab…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Muhammad Hammad Maqsood , Mubashir Sajid , Khubaib Ahmed , Muhammad Usamah Shahid , Muddassar Farooq

Today's AI systems for medical decision support often succeed on benchmark datasets in research papers but fail in real-world deployment. This work focuses on the decision making of sepsis, an acute life-threatening systematic infection…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Shao Zhang , Jianing Yu , Xuhai Xu , Changchang Yin , Yuxuan Lu , Bingsheng Yao , Melanie Tory , Lace M. Padilla , Jeffrey Caterino , Ping Zhang , Dakuo Wang

Recent advancement in machine learning algorithms reaches a point where medical devices can be equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) models for diagnostic support and routine automation in clinical settings. In medicine and healthcare,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-21 Takeshi Abe , Yoshiyuki Asai

AI algorithms are not immune to biases. Traditionally, non-experts have little control in uncovering potential social bias (e.g., gender bias) in the algorithms that may impact their lives. We present a preliminary design for an interactive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Chelsea M. Myers , Evan Freed , Luis Fernando Laris Pardo , Anushay Furqan , Sebastian Risi , Jichen Zhu

Artificial intelligence has significantly advanced healthcare, particularly through large language models (LLMs) that excel in medical question answering benchmarks. However, their real-world clinical application remains limited due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Zhihao Fan , Jialong Tang , Wei Chen , Siyuan Wang , Zhongyu Wei , Jun Xi , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

Modern clinical practice increasingly depends on reasoning over heterogeneous, evolving, and incomplete patient data. Although recent advances in multimodal foundation models have improved performance on various clinical tasks, most…

The professionalism of a human doctor in outpatient service depends on two core abilities: the ability to make accurate medical decisions and the medical consultation skill to conduct strategic, empathetic patient inquiry. Existing Large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yunghwei Lai , Kaiming Liu , Ziyue Wang , Weizhi Ma , Yang Liu

Medical conversational AI (AI) plays a pivotal role in the development of safer and more effective medical dialogue systems. However, existing benchmarks and evaluation frameworks for assessing the information-gathering and diagnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Lecheng Gong , Weimin Fang , Ting Yang , Dongjie Tao , Chunxiao Guo , Peng Wei , Bo Xie , Jinqun Guan , Zixiao Chen , Fang Shi , Jinjie Gu , Junwei Liu

The clinical translation of dermatological AI is hindered by opaque reasoning and systematic performance disparities across skin tones. Here we present SkinGPT-R1, a multimodal large language model that integrates chain-of-thought…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Yuhao Shen , Zhangtianyi Chen , Yuanhao He , Yan Xu , Shuping Zhang , Liyuan Sun , Zijian Wang , Yinghao Zhu , Yuyuan Yang , Jiahe Qian , Ziwen Wang , Xinyuan Zhang , Wenbin Liu , Zongyuan Ge , Tao Lu , Siyuan Yan , Juexiao Zhou