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Instance level detection of thoracic diseases or abnormalities are crucial for automatic diagnosis in chest X-ray images. Most existing works on chest X-rays focus on disease classification and weakly supervised localization. In order to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-20 Jingyu Liu , Jie Lian , Yizhou Yu

Machine learning has significantly advanced healthcare by aiding in disease prevention and treatment identification. However, accessing patient data can be challenging due to privacy concerns and strict regulations. Generating synthetic,…

Chest X-rays (CXRs) are a widely used imaging modality for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung disease. The image analysis tasks vary. Examples include pathology detection and lung segmentation. There is a large body of work where machine…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-19 Syed Muhammad Anwar , Abhijeet Parida , Sara Atito , Muhammad Awais , Gustavo Nino , Josef Kitler , Marius George Linguraru

Radiological analysis increasingly benefits from pretrained visual representations that can support heterogeneous downstream tasks across imaging modalities. In this work, we introduce OmniRad, a self-supervised radiological foundation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Luca Zedda , Andrea Loddo , Cecilia Di Ruberto

Tracking body fat percentage is essential for effective weight management, yet gold-standard methods such as DEXA scans remain expensive and inaccessible for most people. This study evaluates the feasibility of artificial intelligence (AI)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Rayan Aldajani

In clinics, a radiology report is crucial for guiding a patient's treatment. However, writing radiology reports is a heavy burden for radiologists. To this end, we present an automatic, multi-modal approach for report generation from a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-02 Shuxin Yang , Xian Wu , Shen Ge , S. Kevin Zhou , Li Xiao

The escalating demand for medical image interpretation underscores the critical need for advanced artificial intelligence solutions to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of radiological diagnoses. This paper introduces CXR-PathFinder, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Pimchanok Sukjai , Apiradee Boonmee

Chest X-ray radiography is one of the earliest medical imaging technologies and remains one of the most widely-used for diagnosis, screening, and treatment follow up of diseases related to lungs and heart. The literature in this field of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-06 Mohammad Eslami , Solale Tabarestani , Shadi Albarqouni , Ehsan Adeli , Nassir Navab , Malek Adjouadi

Chest X-ray (CXR) is perhaps the most frequently-performed radiological investigation globally. In this work, we present and study several machine learning approaches to develop automated CXR diagnostic models. In particular, we trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Edoardo Giacomello , Pier Luca Lanzi , Daniele Loiacono , Luca Nassano

The chest X-ray (CXR) is by far the most commonly performed radiological examination for screening and diagnosis of many cardiac and pulmonary diseases. There is an immense world-wide shortage of physicians capable of providing rapid and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-07 Jonathan Laserson , Christine Dan Lantsman , Michal Cohen-Sfady , Itamar Tamir , Eli Goz , Chen Brestel , Shir Bar , Maya Atar , Eldad Elnekave

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly foundation models (FMs), have revolutionized medical image analysis, demonstrating strong zero- and few-shot performance across diverse medical imaging tasks, from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Praveenbalaji Rajendran , Mojtaba Safari , Wenfeng He , Mingzhe Hu , Shansong Wang , Jun Zhou , Xiaofeng Yang

Chest X-rays (CXRs) are the most widely used medical imaging modality and play a pivotal role in diagnosing diseases. However, as 2D projection images, CXRs are limited by structural superposition, which constrains their effectiveness in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Zefan Yang , Xinrui Song , Xuanang Xu , Yongyi Shi , Ge Wang , Mannudeep K. Kalra , Pingkun Yan

Over 1.4 billion chest X-rays (CXRs) are performed annually due to their cost-effectiveness as an initial diagnostic test. This scale of radiological studies provides a significant opportunity to streamline CXR interpretation and…

Medical image interpretation is central to most clinical applications such as disease diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognostication. In clinical practice, radiologists examine medical images and manually compile their findings into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Nurbanu Aksoy , Nishant Ravikumar , Alejandro F Frangi

Recent research demonstrates that deep learning models are capable of precisely extracting bio-information (e.g. race, gender and age) from patients' Chest X-Rays (CXRs). In this paper, we further show that deep learning models are also…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-02 Hao Liang , Kevin Ni , Guha Balakrishnan

The rapid growth of medical imaging has fueled the development of Foundation Models (FMs) to reduce the growing, unsustainable workload on radiologists. While recent FMs have shown the power of large-scale pre-training to CT and MRI…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Antoine Saporta , Baptiste Callard , Corentin Dancette , Julien Khlaut , Charles Corbière , Leo Butsanets , Amaury Prat , Pierre Manceron

Background: Chest X-rays are the most commonly performed, cost-effective diagnostic imaging tests ordered by physicians. A clinically validated AI system that can reliably separate normals from abnormals can be invaluble particularly in…

In clinical radiology reports, doctors capture important information about the patient's health status. They convey their observations from raw medical imaging data about the inner structures of a patient. As such, formulating reports…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Constantin Seibold , Simon Reiß , Saquib Sarfraz , Matthias A. Fink , Victoria Mayer , Jan Sellner , Moon Sung Kim , Klaus H. Maier-Hein , Jens Kleesiek , Rainer Stiefelhagen

Despite the progress in automatic detection of radiologic findings from chest X-ray (CXR) images in recent years, a quantitative evaluation of the explainability of these models is hampered by the lack of locally labeled datasets for…

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women globally. Mammography is essential for the early detection and diagnosis of breast lesions. Despite recent progress in foundation…