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We address the problem of inverse reinforcement learning in Markov decision processes where the agent is risk-sensitive. In particular, we model risk-sensitivity in a reinforcement learning framework by making use of models of human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Lillian J. Ratliff , Eric Mazumdar

Cumulative prospect theory (CPT) is known to model human decisions well, with substantial empirical evidence supporting this claim. CPT works by distorting probabilities and is more general than the classic expected utility and coherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-01 Prashanth L. A. , Cheng Jie , Michael Fu , Steve Marcus , Csaba Szepesvári

This paper addresses the problem of identifying and estimating the causal effect of a treatment in the presence of unmeasured confounding and various types of right-censoring. Examples of these censoring mechanisms are administrative…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-19 Ilias Willems , Sara Rutten , Gilles Crommen , Ingrid Van Keilegom

Background: Confirmation bias is the tendency to acquire or evaluate new information in a way that is consistent with one's preexisting beliefs. It is omnipresent in psychology, economics, and even scientific practices. Prior theoretical…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-11-18 A. E. Allahverdyan , Aram Galstyan

We show that many models of choice can be alternatively represented as special cases of choice with limited attention (Masatlioglu, Nakajima, and Ozbay, 2012), singling out the properties of the unobserved attention filters that explain the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-07-31 Davide Carpentiere , Angelo Petralia

As a firm varies the price of a product, consumers exhibit reference effects, making purchase decisions based not only on the prevailing price but also the product's price history. We consider the problem of learning such behavioral…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-31 Abbas Kazerouni , Benjamin Van Roy

Selective rationalization has become a common mechanism to ensure that predictive models reveal how they use any available features. The selection may be soft or hard, and identifies a subset of input features relevant for prediction. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Mo Yu , Shiyu Chang , Yang Zhang , Tommi S. Jaakkola

In selection processes such as hiring, promotion, and college admissions, implicit bias toward socially-salient attributes such as race, gender, or sexual orientation of candidates is known to produce persistent inequality and reduce…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Anay Mehrotra , Bary S. R. Pradelski , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

In many classification settings, the class of primary interest is underrepresented, leading to imbalanced data problems that arise in applications such as rare disease detection and fraud identification. In these contexts, identifying a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-06 Daniel Fraiman , Ricardo Fraiman

We develop a general model of discrete choice that incorporates peer effects in preferences and consideration sets. We characterize the equilibrium behavior and establish conditions under which all parts of the model can be recovered from a…

General Economics · Economics 2026-02-05 Nail Kashaev , Natalia Lazzati , Ruli Xiao

Predictive models are being increasingly used to support consequential decision making at the individual level in contexts such as pretrial bail and loan approval. As a result, there is increasing social and legal pressure to provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Amir-Hossein Karimi , Gilles Barthe , Borja Balle , Isabel Valera

Consumer protection rules require companies that deploy models to automate decisions in high-stakes settings to explain predictions to decision subjects. These rules are motivated, in part, by the belief that explanations can promote…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-30 Harry Cheon , Anneke Wernerfelt , Sorelle A. Friedler , Berk Ustun

All biological and artificial agents must learn and make decisions given limits on their ability to process information. As such, a general theory of adaptive behavior should be able to account for the complex interactions between an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Dilip Arumugam , Mark K. Ho , Noah D. Goodman , Benjamin Van Roy

Foundation models often generate unreliable answers, while heuristic uncertainty estimators fail to fully distinguish correct from incorrect outputs, causing users to accept erroneous answers without any statistical guarantee. We address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhiyuan Wang , Aniri , Tianlong Chen , Yue Zhang , Heng Tao Shen , Xiaoshuang Shi , Kaidi Xu

We study linear regressions in a context where the outcome of interest and some of the covariates are observed in two different datasets that cannot be matched. Traditional approaches obtain point identification by relying, often…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-18 Xavier D'Haultfoeuille , Christophe Gaillac , Arnaud Maurel

Simulations are performed according to the Axelrod model of culture dissemination, with modified mechanism of repulsion. Previously, repulsion was considered by Radillo-Diaz et al (Phys. Rev. E 80 (2009) 066107) as dependent on a predefined…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-07-19 M. J. Krawczyk , K. Kulakowski

Consider an agent taking two successive decisions to maximize his expected utility under uncertainty. After his first decision, a signal is revealed that provides information about the state of nature. The observation of the signal allows…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2009-07-24 Michel De Lara

Active Inference (ActInf) is an emerging theory that explains perception and action in biological agents, in terms of minimizing a free energy bound on Bayesian surprise. Goal-directed behavior is elicited by introducing prior beliefs on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-28 Thijs van de Laar , Ismail Senoz , Ayça Özçelikkale , Henk Wymeersch

When performing regression or classification, we are interested in the conditional probability distribution for an outcome or class variable Y given a set of explanatoryor input variables X. We consider Bayesian models for this task. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-02-08 David Heckerman , Christopher Meek

Probabilistic models can learn users' preferences from the history of their item adoptions on a social media site, and in turn, recommend new items to users based on learned preferences. However, current models ignore psychological factors…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2013-11-07 Jeon-Hyung Kang , Kristina Lerman