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Real-world binary classification tasks are in many cases imbalanced, where the minority class is much smaller than the majority class. This skewness is challenging for machine learning algorithms as they tend to focus on the majority and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Sajad Darabi , Yotam Elor

Classification imbalance arises when one class is much rarer than the other. We frame this setting as transfer learning under label (prior) shift between an imbalanced source distribution induced by the observed data and a balanced target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-16 Eric Xia , Jason M. Klusowski

Imbalanced regression refers to prediction tasks where the target variable is skewed. This skewness hinders machine learning models, especially neural networks, which concentrate on dense regions and therefore perform poorly on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Shayan Alahyari , Mike Domaratzki

Machine learning classifiers often stumble over imbalanced datasets where classes are not equally represented. This inherent bias towards the majority class may result in low accuracy in labeling minority class. Imbalanced learning is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Wenhao Zhang , Ramin Ramezani , Arash Naeim

The long-standing challenge of building effective classification models for small and imbalanced datasets has seen little improvement since the creation of the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) over 20 years ago. Though GAN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Leon O. Guertler , Andri Ashfahani , Anh Tuan Luu

Imbalanced classification is a well-known challenge faced by many real-world applications. This issue occurs when the distribution of the target variable is skewed, leading to a prediction bias toward the majority class. With the arrival of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Carla Vairetti , José Luis Assadi , Sebastián Maldonado

This paper introduces a novel oversampling technique designed to improve classification performance on imbalanced datasets. The proposed method enhances the traditional SMOTE algorithm by incorporating convex combination and kernel-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Wenjie Li , Sibo Zhu , Zhijian Li , Hanlin Wang

The Synthetic Minority Oversampling TEchnique (SMOTE) is widely-used for the analysis of imbalanced datasets. It is known that SMOTE frequently over-generalizes the minority class, leading to misclassifications for the majority class, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Saptarshi Bej , Narek Davtyan , Markus Wolfien , Mariam Nassar , Olaf Wolkenhauer

Imbalanced datasets, where one class significantly outnumbers others, remain a persistent challenge in machine learning, often biasing predictions toward the majority class and degrading classifier performance. This paper provides a…

Despite over two decades of progress, imbalanced data is still considered a significant challenge for contemporary machine learning models. Modern advances in deep learning have magnified the importance of the imbalanced data problem. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Damien Dablain , Bartosz Krawczyk , Nitesh V. Chawla

Urban datasets such as citizen transportation modes often contain disproportionately distributed classes, posing significant challenges to the classification of under-represented samples using data-driven models. In the literature, various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Guang An Ooi , Shehab Ahmed

Class imbalance refers to the significant difference in the number of samples from different classes within a dataset, making it challenging to identify minority class samples correctly. This issue is prevalent in real-world classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Yi-Yang Shangguan , Shi-Shun Chen , Xiao-Yang Li

Class-imbalance is an inherent characteristic of multi-label data which affects the prediction accuracy of most multi-label learning methods. One efficient strategy to deal with this problem is to employ resampling techniques before…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Bin Liu , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Imbalanced classification and spurious correlation are common challenges in data science and machine learning. Both issues are linked to data imbalance, with certain groups of data samples significantly underrepresented, which in turn would…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Ryumei Nakada , Yichen Xu , Lexin Li , Linjun Zhang

One main challenge in imbalanced graph classification is to learn expressive representations of the graphs in under-represented (minority) classes. Existing generic imbalanced learning methods, such as oversampling and imbalanced learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Rongrong Ma , Guansong Pang , Ling Chen

Class imbalanced problems (CIP) are one of the potential challenges in developing unbiased Machine Learning (ML) models for predictions. CIP occurs when data samples are not equally distributed between the two or multiple classes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Md Manjurul Ahsan , Shivakumar Raman , Zahed Siddique

Text classification is the task of automatically assigning text documents correct labels from a predefined set of categories. In real-life (text) classification tasks, observations and misclassification costs are often unevenly distributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Aleksi Avela , Pauliina Ilmonen

When presented with a binary classification problem where the data exhibits severe class imbalance, most standard predictive methods may fail to accurately model the minority class. We present a model based on Generative Adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Jonathan Gradstein , Moshe Salhov , Yoav Tulpan , Ofir Lindenbaum , Amir Averbuch

Two-class classification problems are often characterized by an imbalance between the number of majority and minority datapoints resulting in poor classification of the minority class in particular. Traditional approaches, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Karen Medlin , Sven Leyffer , Krishnan Raghavan

Handling imbalanced datasets is a challenging problem that if not treated correctly results in reduced classification performance. Imbalanced datasets are commonly handled using minority oversampling, whereas the SMOTE algorithm is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-25 Xi Zhang , Di Ma , Lin Gan , Shanshan Jiang , Gady Agam