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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promise in single-agent vision tasks, yet benchmarks for evaluating multi-agent collaborative perception remain scarce. This gap is critical, as multi-drone systems provide enhanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jirong Zha , Yuxuan Fan , Tianyu Zhang , Geng Chen , Yingfeng Chen , Chen Gao , Xinlei Chen

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) show strong capabilities in visual-language reasoning, yet their performance on ultra-high-resolution imagery remains largely unexplored. Existing visual question answering (VQA) benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Siqi Li , Xinyu Cai , Jianbiao Mei , Nianchen Deng , Pinlong Cai , Licheng Wen , Yufan Shen , Xuemeng Yang , Botian Shi , Yong Liu

Multimodal punchlines, which involve humor or sarcasm conveyed in image-caption pairs, are a popular way of communication on online multimedia platforms. With the rapid development of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Kun Ouyang , Yuanxin Liu , Shicheng Li , Yi Liu , Hao Zhou , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in general spatial understanding and reasoning. However, their fine-grained spatial understanding and reasoning capabilities in complex urban scenarios have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jun Zhang , Jie Feng , Long Chen , Junhui Wang , Zhicheng Liu , Depeng Jin , Yong Li

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) perform strongly on natural images, yet their ability to understand discrete visual symbols remains unclear. We present a multi-domain benchmark spanning language, culture, mathematics, physics and…

The popularity of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has triggered a recent surge in research efforts dedicated to evaluating these models. Nevertheless, existing evaluation studies of MLLMs primarily focus on the comprehension and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Xiaocui Yang , Wenfang Wu , Shi Feng , Ming Wang , Daling Wang , Yang Li , Qi Sun , Yifei Zhang , Xiaoming Fu , Soujanya Poria

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly evolved from general-purpose systems to multimodal models capable of processing text, images, and audio. As both general-purpose LLMs (GLLMs) and multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) gain widespread adoption,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yujian Liu , Xiao Yu , Jacky Keung , Xing Hu , Xin Xia , Xiaoxue Ma

As the field of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) continues to evolve, their potential to revolutionize artificial intelligence is particularly promising, especially in addressing mathematical reasoning tasks. Current mathematical…

Since the release of ChatGPT, the field of Natural Language Processing has experienced rapid advancements, particularly in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their multimodal counterparts, Large Multimodal Models (LMMs). Despite their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Florian Schneider , Sunayana Sitaram

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show promising performance in automated electrocardiogram interpretation, it remains unclear whether they genuinely perform actual step-by-step reasoning or just rely on superficial visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jungwoo Oh , Hyunseung Chung , Junhee Lee , Min-Gyu Kim , Hangyul Yoon , Ki Seong Lee , Youngchae Lee , Muhan Yeo , Edward Choi

Emojis have become ubiquitous in online communication, serving as a universal medium to convey emotions and decorative elements. Their widespread use transcends language and cultural barriers, enhancing understanding and fostering more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Rafid Ishrak Jahan , Heng Fan , Haihua Chen , Yunhe Feng

As multimodal large language models (MLLMs) advance rapidly, rigorous evaluation has become essential, providing further guidance for their development. In this work, we focus on a unified and robust evaluation of \textbf{vision perception}…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Feng Chen , Chenhui Gou , Jing Liu , Yang Yang , Zhaoyang Li , Jiyuan Zhang , Zhenbang Sun , Bohan Zhuang , Qi Wu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant progress in integrating visual and linguistic understanding. Existing benchmarks typically focus on high-level semantic capabilities, such as scene understanding and visual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shangyu Xing , Changhao Xiang , Yuteng Han , Yifan Yue , Zhen Wu , Xinyu Liu , Zhangtai Wu , Fei Zhao , Xinyu Dai

The field of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has made remarkable progress in visual understanding tasks, presenting a vast opportunity to predict the perceptual and emotional impact of charts. However, it also raises concerns, as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Seon Gyeom Kim , Jae Young Choi , Ryan Rossi , Eunyee Koh , Tak Yeon Lee

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) represent a significant leap towards empathetic agents, demonstrating remarkable capabilities in emotion understanding. However, the internal mechanisms governing how LVLMs translate abstract visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Chengsheng Zhang , Chenghao Sun , Zhining Xie , Xinmei Tian

Multimodal language models (MLMs) show promise for clinical decision support and diagnostic reasoning, raising the prospect of end-to-end automated medical image interpretation. However, clinicians are highly selective in adopting AI tools;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Mahtab Bigverdi , Wisdom Ikezogwo , Kevin Zhang , Hyewon Jeong , Mingyu Lu , Sungjae Cho , Linda Shapiro , Ranjay Krishna

The recent advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is transforming human-computer interaction (HCI) from surface-level exchanges into more nuanced and emotionally intelligent communication. To realize this shift, emotion…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Hyeongseop Rha , Jeong Hun Yeo , Yeonju Kim , Yong Man Ro

Understanding human intent is a complex, high-level task for large language models (LLMs), requiring analytical reasoning, contextual interpretation, dynamic information aggregation, and decision-making under uncertainty. Real-world public…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xiaozhe Li , TianYi Lyu , Siyi Yang , Yuxi Gong , Yizhao Yang , Jinxuan Huang , Ligao Zhang , Zhuoyi Huang , Qingwen Liu

Explainable Multimodal Emotion Recognition plays a crucial role in applications such as human-computer interaction and social media analytics. However, current approaches struggle with cue-level perception and reasoning due to two main…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Hanwen Zhang , Yao Liu , Peiyuan Jiang , Lang Junjie , Xie Jun , Yihui He , Yajiao Deng , Siyu Du , Qiao Liu

In this paper, we test whether Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) can match human-subject performance in tasks involving the perception of properties in network layouts. Specifically, we replicate a human-subject experiment about…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jacob Miller , Markus Wallinger , Ludwig Felder , Timo Brand , Henry Förster , Johannes Zink , Chunyang Chen , Stephen Kobourov