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The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has triggered legal and ethical concerns, especially regarding the unauthorized use of copyrighted materials in their training datasets. This has led to lawsuits against tech companies accused of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Cédric Eichler , Nathan Champeil , Nicolas Anciaux , Alexandra Bensamoun , Heber Hwang Arcolezi , José Maria De Fuentes

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) are widely used to quantify training data memorization and assess privacy risks. Standard evaluation requires repeated retraining, which is computationally costly for large models. One-run methods (single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Mathieu Even , Clément Berenfeld , Linus Bleistein , Tudor Cebere , Julie Josse , Aurélien Bellet

Safety classifiers are essential safeguards within generative AI systems, filtering harmful content or identifying at-risk users when interacting with large language models. Despite their necessity, these models are trained on sensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Anthony Hughes , Alexander Goldberg , Prince Jha , Adam Perer , Nikolaos Aletras , Niloofar Mireshghallah

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) infer whether a specific data record is used for target model training. MIAs have provoked many discussions in the information security community since they give rise to severe data privacy issues,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Yu Wang , Lifu Huang , Philip S. Yu , Lichao Sun

The success of deep neural networks has driven numerous research studies and applications from Euclidean to non-Euclidean data. However, there are increasing concerns about privacy leakage, as these networks rely on processing private data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhanke Zhou , Jianing Zhu , Fengfei Yu , Xuan Li , Xiong Peng , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

This paper introduces a novel approach to membership inference attacks (MIA) targeting stable diffusion computer vision models, specifically focusing on the highly sophisticated Stable Diffusion V2 by StabilityAI. MIAs aim to extract…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Thomas Cilloni , Charles Fleming , Charles Walter

Membership inference attacks (MIAs), which enable adversaries to determine whether specific data points were part of a model's training dataset, have emerged as an important framework to understand, assess, and quantify the potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Toan Tran , Olivera Kotevska , Li Xiong

Machine learning (ML) models have been shown to be vulnerable to Membership Inference Attacks (MIA), which infer the membership of a given data point in the target dataset by observing the prediction output of the ML model. While the key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Shakila Mahjabin Tonni , Dinusha Vatsalan , Farhad Farokhi , Dali Kaafar , Zhigang Lu , Gioacchino Tangari

Among all privacy attacks against Machine Learning (ML), membership inference attacks (MIA) attracted the most attention. In these attacks, the attacker is given an ML model and a data point, and they must infer whether the data point was…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Bram van Dartel , Marc Damie , Florian Hahn

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) are widely used to assess the privacy risks associated with machine learning models. However, when these attacks are applied to pre-trained large language models (LLMs), they encounter significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Meng Tong , Yuntao Du , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Ninghui Li

Most existing membership inference attacks (MIAs) utilize metrics (e.g., loss) calculated on the model's final state, while recent advanced attacks leverage metrics computed at various stages, including both intermediate and final stages,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Hao Li , Zheng Li , Siyuan Wu , Chengrui Hu , Yutong Ye , Min Zhang , Dengguo Feng , Yang Zhang

Recently, recommender systems have achieved promising performances and become one of the most widely used web applications. However, recommender systems are often trained on highly sensitive user data, thus potential data leakage from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Minxing Zhang , Zhaochun Ren , Zihan Wang , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Pengfei Hu , Yang Zhang

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a sample was part of a model's training set, posing serious privacy risks for modern machine-learning systems. Existing MIAs primarily rely on static indicators, such as loss or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Amit Kravchik Taub , Fred M. Grabovski , Guy Amit , Yisroel Mirsky

Recently, adapting the idea of self-supervised learning (SSL) on continuous speech has started gaining attention. SSL models pre-trained on a huge amount of unlabeled audio can generate general-purpose representations that benefit a wide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Wei-Tsung Kao , Hung-yi Lee

Membership inference attacks (MIA) attempt to verify the membership of a given data sample in the training set for a model. MIA has become relevant in recent years, following the rapid development of large language models (LLM). Many are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Haritz Puerto , Martin Gubri , Sangdoo Yun , Seong Joon Oh

Deep learning models often raise privacy concerns as they leak information about their training data. This enables an adversary to determine whether a data point was in a model's training set by conducting a membership inference attack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Yigitcan Kaya , Sanghyun Hong , Tudor Dumitras

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to memorizing training data, which poses serious privacy risks. Two of the most prominent concerns are training data extraction and Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs). Prior research has shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Al Sahili , Ali Chehab , Razane Tajeddine

With the emergence of powerful large-scale foundation models, the training paradigm is increasingly shifting from from-scratch training to transfer learning. This enables high utility training with small, domain-specific datasets typical in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yuxuan Bai , Gauri Pradhan , Marlon Tobaben , Antti Honkela

Membership inference attacks aim to detect if a particular data point was used in training a model. We design a novel statistical test to perform robust membership inference attacks (RMIA) with low computational overhead. We achieve this by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-13 Sajjad Zarifzadeh , Philippe Liu , Reza Shokri

Tabular data sharing under privacy constraints is increasingly important for research and collaboration. Synthetic data generators (SDGs) are a promising solution, but synthetic data remains vulnerable to attacks, such as membership…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Davide Scassola , Andrea Coser , Sebastiano Saccani