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The Minimum Spanning Tree Problem with Conflicts consists in finding the minimum conflict-free spanning tree of a graph, i.e., the spanning tree of minimum cost, including no pairs of edges that are in conflict. In this paper, we solve this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-11 Francesco Carrabs , Martina Cerulli , Domenico Serra

The Schr\"odinger Bridge (SB) problem has become a fundamental tool in computational optimal transport and generative modeling. To address this problem, ideal methods such as Iterative Proportional Fitting and Iterative Markovian Fitting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-27 Marta Gentiloni Silveri , Giovanni Conforti , Alain Durmus

In the quadratic minimum spanning tree problem (QMSTP) one wants to find the minimizer of a quadratic function over all possible spanning trees of a graph. We present a formulation of the QMSTP as a mixed-integer semidefinite program…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Frank de Meijer , Melanie Siebenhofer , Renata Sotirov , Angelika Wiegele

In this paper, we study the problem of finding a minimum weight spanning tree that contains each vertex in a given subset $V_{\rm NT}$ of vertices as an internal vertex. This problem, called Minimum Weight Non-Terminal Spanning Tree,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Tesshu Hanaka , Yasuaki Kobayashi

Finding a minimum spanning tree (MST) for $n$ points in an arbitrary metric space is a fundamental primitive for hierarchical clustering and many other ML tasks, but this takes $\Omega(n^2)$ time to even approximate. We introduce a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Nate Veldt , Thomas Stanley , Benjamin W. Priest , Trevor Steil , Keita Iwabuchi , T. S. Jayram , Geoffrey Sanders

Schr\"odinger Bridges (SB) have recently gained the attention of the ML community as a promising extension of classic diffusion models which is also interconnected to the Entropic Optimal Transport (EOT). Recent solvers for SB exploit the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Nikita Gushchin , Sergei Kholkin , Evgeny Burnaev , Alexander Korotin

Given a set of points in the Euclidean plane, the Euclidean \textit{$\delta$-minimum spanning tree} ($\delta$-MST) problem is the problem of finding a spanning tree with maximum degree no more than $\delta$ for the set of points such the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-26 Patrick J. Andersen , Charl J. Ras

In this paper, we consider the minimum spanning tree problem (for short, MSTP) on an arbitrary set of $n$ points of $d$-dimensional space in $l_1$-norm. For this problem, for each fixed $d\geq 2$, there is a known algorithm of the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-12-12 K. V. Kaymakov , D. S. Malyshev

We investigate the problem of sequentially predicting the binary labels on the nodes of an arbitrary weighted graph. We show that, under a suitable parametrization of the problem, the optimal number of prediction mistakes can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-12-27 Nicolo' Cesa-Bianchi , Claudio Gentile , Fabio Vitale , Giovanni Zappella

A labelled, undirected graph is a graph whose edges have assigned labels, from a specific set. Given a labelled, undirected graph, the well-known minimum labelling spanning tree problem is aimed at finding the spanning tree of the graph…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Jose' Andres Moreno Perez , Sergio Consoli

The weight of the minimum spanning tree in a complete weighted graph with random edge weights is a well-known problem. For various classes of distributions, it is proved that the weight of the minimum spanning tree tends to a constant,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-31 Nikita Zvonkov

We give an algorithm for finding the arboricity of a weighted, undirected graph, defined as the minimum number of spanning forests that cover all edges of the graph, in $\sqrt{n} m^{1+o(1)}$ time. This improves on the previous best bound of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Ruoxu Cen , Henry Fleischmann , George Z. Li , Jason Li , Debmalya Panigrahi

We study the least-energy way to reshape a probability distribution when motion is constrained to a horizontal bundle, that is, optimal transport and distribution steering in sub-Riemannian geometry, motivated by density control over…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Daniel Owusu Adu , Karthik Elamvazhuthi , Bahman Gharesifard

Generative modeling typically seeks the path of least action via deterministic flows (ODE). While effective for in-distribution tasks, we argue that these deterministic paths become brittle under causal interventions, which often require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Rui Wu , Li YongJun

A branch vertex in a tree is a vertex of degree at least three. We prove that, for all $s\geq 1$, every connected graph on $n$ vertices with minimum degree at least $(\frac{1}{s+3}+o(1))n$ contains a spanning tree having at most $s$ branch…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-10 Louis DeBiasio , Allan Lo

In this article, we study the Euclidean minimum spanning tree problem in an imprecise setup. The problem is known as the \emph{Minimum Spanning Tree Problem with Neighborhoods} in the literature. We study the problem where the neighborhoods…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Sanjana Dey , Ramesh K. Jallu , Subhas C. Nandy

In recent years there has been a paradigm shift from the study of local task-related activation to the organization and functioning of large-scale functional and structural brain networks. However, a long-standing challenge in this…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-26 Sixtus Dakurah

Consider a reference Markov process with initial distribution $\pi_{0}$ and transition kernels $\{M_{t}\}_{t\in[1:T]}$, for some $T\in\mathbb{N}$. Assume that you are given distribution $\pi_{T}$, which is not equal to the marginal…

Computation · Statistics 2020-01-01 Espen Bernton , Jeremy Heng , Arnaud Doucet , Pierre E. Jacob

Spanning trees are an important primitive in many data analysis tasks, when a data set needs to be summarized in terms of its "skeleton", or when a tree-shaped graph over all observations is required for downstream processing. Popular…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Enrique Fita Sanmartín , Christoph Schnörr , Fred A. Hamprecht

Understanding the structure of minor-free metrics, namely shortest path metrics obtained over a weighted graph excluding a fixed minor, has been an important research direction since the fundamental work of Robertson and Seymour. A…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-11 Vincent Cohen-Addad , Arnold Filtser , Philip N. Klein , Hung Le