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Cities are complex products of human culture, characterised by a startling diversity of visible traits. Their form is constantly evolving, reflecting changing human needs and local contingencies, manifested in space by many urban patterns.…

Urban morphology has long been recognized as a factor shaping human mobility, yet comparative and formal classifications of urban form across metropolitan areas remain limited. Building on theoretical principles of urban structure and…

Urban morphology has a significant impact on sustainable urban outcomes in the ecological, social, and economic sectors. Nonetheless, academics lack clarity and consensus on how to quantify urban morphology indicators, which impedes…

Study of urban form is an important area of research in urban planning/design that contributes to our understanding of how cities function and evolve. However, classical approaches are based on very limited observations and inconsistent…

Urban theorists, social reformists and philosophers have considered the city as a living organism since Plato. However, despite extraordinary advancements in evolutionary biology, now being used to explain social and cultural phenomena, a…

Self-organisation in territories leads to the emergence of patterns in urban systems that shape the interactions between cities, resulting in a hierarchical organisation. Governance follows as well a hierarchical structure, breaking the…

We often wish to classify objects by their shapes. Indeed, the study of shapes is an important part of many scientific fields such as evolutionary biology, structural biology, image processing, and archaeology. The most widely-used method…

Understanding the high-order relationship between urban form and function is essential for modeling the underlying mechanisms of sustainable urban systems. Nevertheless, it is challenging to establish an accurate data representation for…

Cities emerged independently across different world regions and historical periods, raising fundamental questions: How did the first urban settlements develop? What social and spatial conditions enabled their emergence? Are these processes…

Complex systems have become a popular lens for analyzing cities and complexity theory has many implications for urban performance and resilience. This paper develops a typology of measures and indicators for assessing the physical…

The spatial distribution of population and activities within urban areas, or urban form at the mesoscopic scale, is the outcome of multiple antagonist processes. We propose in this paper to benchmark different models of urban morphogenesis,…

Urban planning and morphology have relied on analytical cartography and visual communication tools for centuries to illustrate spatial patterns, propose designs, compare alternatives, and engage the public. Classic urban form visualizations…

We propose a quantitative method to classify cities according to their street pattern. We use the conditional probability distribution of shape factor of blocks with a given area, and define what could constitute the `fingerprint' of a…

As feature sizes shrink to the nanometer scale, accurately transferring circuit patterns from photomasks to silicon wafers becomes increasingly challenging. Optical proximity correction (OPC) is widely used to ensure pattern fidelity and…

Quantifying the spatial organization of human settlements is fundamental to understanding the complexity of urban systems. However, the quantitative patterns of the distribution of villages, towns, and cities that lie between random and…

In this work, we develop a general method for estimating the Shannon entropy of a bidimensional sequence based on the extrapolation of block entropies. We apply this method to analyse the spatial configurations of cities of different…

This work presents a new path classification criterion to distinguish paths geometrically and topologically from the workspace, which is divided through cell decomposition, generating a medial-axis-like skeleton structure. We use this…

Traditional classifiers treat all labels as mutually independent, thereby considering all negative classes to be equally incorrect. This approach fails severely in many real-world scenarios, where a known semantic hierarchy defines a…

Cities are different around the world, but does this fact have any relation to culture? The idea that urban form embodies idiosyncrasies related to cultural identities captures the imagination of many in urban studies, but it is an…

At large scales, typologies of urban form and corresponding generating processes remain an open question with important implications regarding urban planning policies and sustainability. We propose in this paper to generate urban…