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Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have made a significant impact on various domains. However, LLMs' efficiency suffers from both heavy computation and memory overheads. Compression techniques like sparsification and…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable prowess in generating contextually coherent responses, yet their fixed context windows pose fundamental challenges for maintaining consistency over prolonged multi-session dialogues.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Prateek Chhikara , Dev Khant , Saket Aryan , Taranjeet Singh , Deshraj Yadav

Long-term memory is essential for large language model (LLM) agents operating in complex environments, yet existing memory designs are either task-specific and non-transferable, or task-agnostic but less effective due to low task-relevance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Ke Yang , Zixi Chen , Xuan He , Jize Jiang , Michel Galley , Chenglong Wang , Jianfeng Gao , Jiawei Han , ChengXiang Zhai

Despite their remarkable capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to effectively leverage historical interaction information in dynamic and complex environments. Memory systems enable LLMs to move beyond stateless interactions by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jizhan Fang , Xinle Deng , Haoming Xu , Ziyan Jiang , Yuqi Tang , Ziwen Xu , Shumin Deng , Yunzhi Yao , Mengru Wang , Shuofei Qiao , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in production, contributing towards shifting the burden in terms of computational resources and energy demands from training to inference. While prior work has examined the energy cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Julien Delavande , Regis Pierrard , Sasha Luccioni

The rapid development of large language models (LLM) has greatly enhanced everyday applications. While many FPGA-based accelerators, with flexibility for fine-grained data control, exhibit superior speed and energy efficiency compared to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zifan He , Shengyu Ye , Rui Ma , Yang Wang , Jason Cong

In this work, we identify and address the core challenges of agentic memory management in LLM serving, where large-scale storage, frequent updates, and multiple coexisting agents jointly introduce complex and high-cost approximate nearest…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Zhengding Hu , Zaifeng Pan , Prabhleen Kaur , Vibha Murthy , Zhongkai Yu , Yue Guan , Zhen Wang , Steven Swanson , Yufei Ding

Evaluating the abilities of large language models (LLMs) for tasks that require long-term memory and thus long-context reasoning, for example in conversational settings, is hampered by the existing benchmarks, which often lack narrative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mohammad Tavakoli , Alireza Salemi , Carrie Ye , Mohamed Abdalla , Hamed Zamani , J Ross Mitchell

Agentic memory is emerging as a key enabler for large language models (LLM) to maintain continuity, personalization, and long-term context in extended user interactions, critical capabilities for deploying LLMs as truly interactive and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Samarth Sarin , Lovepreet Singh , Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Dhagash Mehta

Long-context Large Language Model (LLM) inference faces increasing compute bottlenecks as attention calculations scale with context length, primarily due to the growing KV-cache transfer overhead that saturates High Bandwidth Memory (HBM).…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Ming-Yen Lee , Faaiq Waqar , Hanchen Yang , Muhammed Ahosan Ul Karim , Harsono Simka , Shimeng Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as AI agents that operate in short reasoning-action loops, interleaving model computation with external calls. Unlike traditional chat applications, these agentic workloads require…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Yuning Zhang , Yan Yan , Nan Yang , Dong Yuan

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited notable efficacy in question-answering (QA) tasks across diverse domains. Their prowess in integrating extensive web knowledge has fueled interest in developing LLM-based…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-12-05 Yangyang Yu , Haohang Li , Zhi Chen , Yuechen Jiang , Yang Li , Denghui Zhang , Rong Liu , Jordan W. Suchow , Khaldoun Khashanah

Large Language Model (LLM) inference is hard. The autoregressive Decode phase of the underlying Transformer model makes LLM inference fundamentally different from training. Exacerbated by recent AI trends, the primary challenges are memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xiaoyu Ma , David Patterson

Optimizing CUDA code across multiple generations of GPU architectures is challenging, as achieving peak performance requires an extensive exploration of an increasingly complex, hardware-specific optimization space. Traditional compilers…

We introduce Agentic Reasoning, a framework that enhances large language model (LLM) reasoning by integrating external tool-using agents. Agentic Reasoning dynamically leverages web search, code execution, and structured memory to address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Junde Wu , Jiayuan Zhu , Yuyuan Liu , Min Xu , Yueming Jin

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, yet their standard attention mechanism incurs quadratic computation and memory costs with respect to sequence length, posing a major bottleneck for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Tao Bu , Qiangang Wang , Bowen Zeng , Hanwen Sun , Yunpeng Huang , Chun Cao , Jingwei Xu

In recent times, the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has resulted in increasingly larger model size, posing challenges for inference on low-resource devices. Prior approaches have explored offloading to facilitate low-memory…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Xuanlei Zhao , Bin Jia , Haotian Zhou , Ziming Liu , Shenggan Cheng , Yang You

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in comprehending and analyzing lengthy sequential inputs, owing to their extensive context windows that allow processing millions of tokens in a single forward pass.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Peyman Hosseini , Ignacio Castro , Iacopo Ghinassi , Matthew Purver

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale to handle massive concurrent traffic, optimizing the infrastructure required for inference has become a primary challenge. To manage the high cost of GPU resources while ensuring strict service-level…

Long-context models(LCMs) have shown great potential in processing long input sequences(even more than 100M tokens) conveniently and effectively. With significant progress, recent research has pointed out that LCMs can accurately locate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Zecheng Tang , Zechen Sun , Juntao Li , Qiaoming Zhu , Min Zhang