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Concurrent floods and concurrent droughts in nearby catchments pose challenges to risk assessment and water management. Climate change is affecting extremely high and low discharge, but the complex interplay between changes in individual…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities, yet aligning such abilities to small language models (SLMs) remains a challenge due to distributional mismatches and limited model capacity. Existing reasoning…

Early-exit deep neural networks enable adaptive inference by terminating computation when sufficient confidence is achieved, reducing cost for edge AI accelerators in resource-constrained settings. Existing methods, however, rely on…

The condition monitoring (CM) of synthetic fibre ropes (SFRs) used in offshore, maritime, and industrial settings demands more than a classifier: inspectors need continuous severity estimates, maintenance recommendations, anomaly flags,…

Precise arbitrary trajectory tracking for quadrotors is challenging due to unknown nonlinear dynamics, trajectory infeasibility, and actuation limits. To tackle these challenges, we present Deep Adaptive Trajectory Tracking (DATT), a…

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is an effective approach to mitigate performance degradation of trained models when encountering input distribution shifts at test time. However, existing TTA methods often suffer significant performance drops…

Differentiable architecture search (DARTS) has significantly promoted the development of NAS techniques because of its high search efficiency and effectiveness but suffers from performance collapse. In this paper, we make efforts to…

For reliable deployment of deep-learning systems, out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is indispensable. In the real world, where test-time inputs often arrive as streaming mixtures of in-distribution (ID) and OOD samples under evolving…

NOAA's Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) data are critical for NASA-JPL's tsunami detection, real-time operations, and oceanographic research. However, these time-series data often contain spikes, steps, and drifts that…

Accurate real-time object detection is vital across numerous industrial applications, from safety monitoring to quality control. Traditional approaches, however, are hindered by arduous manual annotation and data collection, struggling to…

Matting with a static background, often referred to as ``Background Matting" (BGM), has garnered significant attention within the computer vision community due to its pivotal role in various practical applications like webcasting and photo…

Accurately estimating the probability of failure in engineering systems under uncertainty is a fundamental challenge, particularly in high-dimensional settings and for rare events. Conventional reliability analysis methods often become…

Solving mathematical problems requires advanced reasoning abilities and presents notable challenges for large language models. Previous works usually synthesize data from proprietary models to augment existing datasets, followed by…

Time-to-event analysis, also known as survival analysis, aims to predict the time of occurrence of an event, given a set of features. One of the major challenges in this area is dealing with censored data, which can make learning algorithms…

In many learning situations, resources at inference time are significantly more constrained than resources at training time. This paper studies a general paradigm, called Differentiable ARchitecture Compression (DARC), that combines model…

DARTS is a popular algorithm for neural architecture search (NAS). Despite its great advantage in search efficiency, DARTS often suffers weak stability, which reflects in the large variation among individual trials as well as the…

Differentiable architecture search (DARTS) is a promising end to end NAS method which directly optimizes the architecture parameters through general gradient descent. However, DARTS is brittle to the catastrophic failure incurred by the…

Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) is a popular Bayesian non-parametric regression model that is commonly used in causal inference and beyond. Its strong predictive performance is supported by well-developed estimation theory,…

Precipitation nowcasting based on radar data plays a crucial role in extreme weather prediction and has broad implications for disaster management. Despite progresses have been made based on deep learning, two key challenges of…

Adaptive reasoning is essential for aligning the computational effort of large language models (LLMs) with the intrinsic difficulty of problems. Current chain-of-thought methods boost reasoning ability but indiscriminately generate long…