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In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have witnessed a remarkable surge in prevalence, altering the landscape of natural language processing and machine learning. One key factor in improving the performance of LLMs is alignment with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Keita Saito , Akifumi Wachi , Koki Wataoka , Youhei Akimoto

The assessment of bias within Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged as a critical concern in the contemporary discourse surrounding Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the context of their potential impact on societal dynamics. Recognizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Luca Rettenberger , Markus Reischl , Mark Schutera

Large language models (LLMs) are currently at the forefront of intertwining artificial intelligence (AI) systems with human communication and everyday life. Thus, aligning them with human values is of great importance. However, given the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Thilo Hagendorff

Conditional acceptability refers to how plausible a conditional statement is perceived to be. It plays an important role in communication and reasoning, as it influences how individuals interpret implications, assess arguments, and make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jasmin Orth , Philipp Mondorf , Barbara Plank

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown capabilities close to human performance in various analytical tasks, leading researchers to use them for time and labor-intensive analyses. However, their capability to handle highly specialized and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Alexander S. Choi , Syeda Sabrina Akter , JP Singh , Antonios Anastasopoulos

A Large Language Model (LLM) is an artificial intelligence system that has been trained on vast amounts of natural language data, enabling it to generate human-like responses to written or spoken language input. GPT-3.5 is an example of an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Gaurav Suri , Lily R. Slater , Ali Ziaee , Morgan Nguyen

With large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 appearing to behave increasingly human-like in text-based interactions, it has become popular to attempt to evaluate personality traits of LLMs using questionnaires originally developed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Tom Sühr , Florian E. Dorner , Samira Samadi , Augustin Kelava

Large language models (LLMs) that do not give consistent answers across contexts are problematic when used for tasks with expectations of consistency, e.g., question-answering, explanations, etc. Our work presents an evaluation benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Henning Bartsch , Ole Jorgensen , Domenic Rosati , Jason Hoelscher-Obermaier , Jacob Pfau

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention for their remarkable performance in a continuously expanding set of natural language processing tasks. However, these models have been shown to harbor inherent societal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Abel Salinas , Louis Penafiel , Robert McCormack , Fred Morstatter

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly appear in social science research (e.g., economics and marketing), it becomes crucial to assess how well these models replicate human behavior. In this work, using hypothesis testing, we present…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Harbin Hong , Sebastian Caldas , Liu Leqi

This paper compares historical annotations by humans and Large Language Models. The findings reveal that both exhibit some cultural bias, but Large Language Models achieve a higher consensus on the interpretation of historical facts from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Fabio Celli , Georgios Spathulas

An essential aspect of evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) is identifying potential biases. This is especially relevant considering the substantial evidence that LLMs can replicate human social biases in their text outputs and further…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Paula Akemi Aoyagui , Sharon Ferguson , Anastasia Kuzminykh

This paper explores the advancements in making large language models (LLMs) more human-like. We focus on techniques that enhance natural language understanding, conversational coherence, and emotional intelligence in AI systems. The study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ethem Yağız Çalık , Talha Rüzgar Akkuş

Commonsense knowledge, a major constituent of artificial intelligence (AI), is primarily evaluated in practice by human-prescribed ground-truth labels. An important, albeit implicit, assumption of these labels is that they accurately…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Tuan Dung Nguyen , Duncan J. Watts , Mark E. Whiting

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have incentivized the development of LLM-as-a-judge, an application of LLMs where they are used as judges to decide the quality of a certain piece of text given a certain context. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiaolin Zhou , Zheng Luo , Yicheng Gao , Qixuan Chen , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao , Ruishan Liu

Human feedback is central to the alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, open questions remain about methods (how), domains (where), people (who) and objectives (to what end) of feedback processes. To navigate these questions,…

As large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents increasingly interact with humans in decision-making contexts, understanding the trust dynamics between humans and AI agents becomes a central concern. While considerable literature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Valeria Lerman , Yaniv Dover

We investigate whether Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit human-like cognitive patterns under four established frameworks from psychology: Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), Framing Bias, Moral Foundations Theory (MFT), and Cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Akash Kundu , Rishika Goswami

Large language models (LLMs) offer significant potential as tools to support an expanding range of decision-making tasks. Given their training on human (created) data, LLMs have been shown to inherit societal biases against protected…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Jessica Echterhoff , Yao Liu , Abeer Alessa , Julian McAuley , Zexue He

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), has opened exciting possibilities for constructing computational simulations designed to replicate human behavior accurately. Current research suggests that LLM-based agents become increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Amir Taubenfeld , Yaniv Dover , Roi Reichart , Ariel Goldstein