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Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on large corpora written by humans and demonstrate high performance on various tasks. However, as humans are susceptible to cognitive biases, which can result in irrational judgments, LLMs can also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Yasuaki Sumita , Koh Takeuchi , Hisashi Kashima

Due to the implement of guardrails by developers, Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in explicit bias tests. However, bias in LLMs may occur not only explicitly, but also implicitly, much like humans who…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Xinru Lin , Luyang Li

Humans are accustomed to reading and writing in a forward manner, and this natural bias extends to text understanding in auto-regressive large language models (LLMs). This paper investigates whether LLMs, like humans, struggle with reverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Sicheng Yu , Yuanchen Xu , Cunxiao Du , Yanying Zhou , Minghui Qiu , Qianru Sun , Hao Zhang , Jiawei Wu

As LLMs become increasingly integrated into daily life, understanding how their presence will shape human linguistic behavior is an open question. We present a large-scale study of linguistic convergence in human-LLM dialogue, examining how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Terra Blevins

Large Language Models (LLMs) can produce surprisingly sophisticated estimates of their own uncertainty. However, it remains unclear to what extent this expressed confidence is tied to the reasoning, knowledge, or decision making of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jiawei Wang , Yanfei Zhou , Siddartha Devic , Deqing Fu

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to acquire sequence-level planning abilities during training, yet their planning behavior exhibited at inference time often appears short-sighted and inconsistent with these capabilities. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haijiang Yan , Jian-Qiao Zhu , Adam Sanborn

Large language models (LLMs) have exploded in popularity in the past few years and have achieved undeniably impressive results on benchmarks as varied as question answering and text summarization. We provide a simple new prompting strategy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Joshua Albrecht , Ellie Kitanidis , Abraham J. Fetterman

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in high-stakes settings, where overconfident responses can mislead users. Reliable confidence estimation has been shown to enhance trust and task accuracy. Yet existing methods face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Linwei Tao , Yi-Fan Yeh , Bo Kai , Minjing Dong , Tao Huang , Tom A. Lamb , Jialin Yu , Philip H. S. Torr , Chang Xu

Do large language models (LLMs) exhibit sociodemographic biases, even when they decline to respond? To bypass their refusal to "speak," we study this research question by probing contextualized embeddings and exploring whether this bias is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Raphael Tang , Xinyu Zhang , Jimmy Lin , Ferhan Ture

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human intentions has become a critical task for safely deploying models in real-world systems. While existing alignment approaches have seen empirical success, theoretically understanding how these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Shawn Im , Yixuan Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are effective at deceiving, when prompted to do so. But under what conditions do they deceive spontaneously? Models that demonstrate better performance on reasoning tasks are also better at prompted deception.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Samuel M. Taylor , Benjamin K. Bergen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are recruited in applications that span from clinical assistance and legal support to question answering and education. Their success in specialized tasks has led to the claim that they possess human-like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Vittoria Dentella , Fritz Guenther , Elliot Murphy , Gary Marcus , Evelina Leivada

Have Large Language Models (LLMs) developed a personality? The short answer is a resounding "We Don't Know!". In this paper, we show that we do not yet have the right tools to measure personality in language models. Personality is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Xiaoyang Song , Akshat Gupta , Kiyan Mohebbizadeh , Shujie Hu , Anant Singh

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in real-world decision-making processes, it becomes crucial to examine the extent to which they exhibit cognitive biases. Extensively studied in the field of psychology, cognitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 R. Alexander Knipper , Charles S. Knipper , Kaiqi Zhang , Valerie Sims , Clint Bowers , Santu Karmaker

Large language models (LLMs) have brought breakthroughs in tasks including translation, summarization, information retrieval, and language generation, gaining growing interest in the CHI community. Meanwhile, the literature shows…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Lu Wang , Max Song , Rezvaneh Rezapour , Bum Chul Kwon , Jina Huh-Yoo

Large language models (LLMs) can lead to undesired consequences when misaligned with human values, especially in scenarios involving complex and sensitive social biases. Previous studies have revealed the misalignment of LLMs with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yang Liu , Chenhui Chu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to contain biases in the process of integrating conflicting information when answering questions. Here we ask whether such biases also exist with respect to which language is used for each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Robert Östling , Murathan Kurfalı

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate survey responses, but synthetic data can be misaligned with the human population, leading to unreliable inference. We develop a general framework that converts LLM-simulated…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-21 Chengpiao Huang , Yuhang Wu , Kaizheng Wang

Do large language models (LLMs) make human-like linguistic generalizations? Dentella et al. (2023) ("DGL") prompt several LLMs ("Is the following sentence grammatically correct in English?") to elicit grammaticality judgments of 80 English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Jennifer Hu , Kyle Mahowald , Gary Lupyan , Anna Ivanova , Roger Levy

Large language models (LLMs) are demonstrably capable of cross-lingual transfer, but can produce inconsistent output when prompted with the same queries written in different languages. To understand how language models are able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zheng Wei Lim , Alham Fikri Aji , Trevor Cohn
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