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We study Stackelberg (leader--follower) tuning of network parameters (tolls, capacities, incentives) in combinatorial congestion games, where selfish users choose discrete routes (or other combinatorial strategies) and settle at a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Saeed Masiha , Sepehr Elahi , Negar Kiyavash , Patrick Thiran

We consider the problem of efficiently learning to play single-leader multi-follower Stackelberg games when the leader lacks knowledge of the lower-level game. Such games arise in hierarchical decision-making problems involving…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-11 Anna Maddux , Marko Maljkovic , Nikolas Geroliminis , Maryam Kamgarpour

We study multi-player general-sum Markov games with one of the players designated as the leader and the other players regarded as followers. In particular, we focus on the class of games where the followers are myopic, i.e., they aim to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Han Zhong , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Michael I. Jordan

Understanding and analyzing markets is crucial, yet analytical equilibrium solutions remain largely infeasible. Recent breakthroughs in equilibrium computation rely on zeroth-order policy gradient estimation. These approaches commonly…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Nils Kohring , Fabian R. Pieroth , Martin Bichler

Differentiable optimization layers enable learning systems to make decisions by solving embedded optimization problems. However, computing gradients via implicit differentiation requires solving a linear system with Hessian terms, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Zihao Zhao , Kai-Chia Mo , Shing-Hei Ho , Brandon Amos , Kai Wang

Dynamic Stackelberg games are a broad class of two-player games in which the leader acts first, and the follower chooses a response strategy to the leader's strategy. Unfortunately, only stylized Stackelberg games are explicitly solvable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-15 Guillermo Alvarez , Ibrahim Ekren , Anastasis Kratsios , Xuwei Yang

Guided cooperation allows intelligent agents with heterogeneous capabilities to work together by following a leader-follower type of interaction. However, the associated control problem becomes challenging when the leader agent does not…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-01 Yuhan Zhao , Quanyan Zhu

The Stackelberg game model, where a leader commits to a strategy and the follower best responds, has found widespread application, particularly to security problems. In the security setting, the goal is for the leader to compute an optimal…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Sai Mali Ananthanarayanan , Christian Kroer

We develop a one step matrix method in order to obtain approximate solutions of first order systems and non-linear ordinary differential equations, reducible to first order systems. We find a sequence of such solutions that converge to the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-28 J. J. Alvarez-Sanchez , M. Gadella , L. P. Lara

This study presents a numerical analysis framework for pursuit--evasion differential games under the Stackelberg equilibrium. The Semi-DCNLP method is introduced as an optimization solver for flight path optimization problems formulated…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Kazuhiro Horie

We study a bilevel optimization problem which is a zero-sum Stackelberg game. In this problem, there are two players, a leader and a follower, who pick items from a common set. Both the leader and the follower have their own…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Lin Chen , Xiaoyu Wu , Guochuan Zhang

Equilibrium refinements are important in extensive-form (i.e., tree-form) games, where they amend weaknesses of the Nash equilibrium concept by requiring sequential rationality and other beneficial properties. One of the most attractive…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-12 Alberto Marchesi , Gabriele Farina , Christian Kroer , Nicola Gatti , Tuomas Sandholm

We propose a mean-field optimal control problem for the parameter identification of a given pattern. The cost functional is based on the Wasserstein distance between the probability measures of the modeled and the desired patterns. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-08 Martin Burger , Lisa Maria Kreusser , Claudia Totzeck

We consider the multi-agent spatial navigation problem of computing the socially optimal order of play, i.e., the sequence in which the agents commit to their decisions, and its associated equilibrium in an N-player Stackelberg trajectory…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Haimin Hu , Gabriele Dragotto , Zixu Zhang , Kaiqu Liang , Bartolomeo Stellato , Jaime F. Fisac

In a multi-follower Bayesian Stackelberg game, a leader plays a mixed strategy over $L$ actions to which $n\ge 1$ followers, each having one of $K$ possible private types, best respond. The leader's optimal strategy depends on the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Gerson Personnat , Tao Lin , Safwan Hossain , David C. Parkes

This paper introduces the new concept of (follower) satisfaction in Stackelberg games and compares the standard Stackelberg game with its satisfaction version. Simulation results are presented which suggest that the follower adopting…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Langford White , Duong Nguyen , Hung Nguyen

We study bilevel optimization problems where the lower-level problems are strongly convex and have coupled linear constraints. To overcome the potential non-smoothness of the hyper-objective and the computational challenges associated with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Wei Shen , Jiawei Zhang , Minhui Huang , Cong Shen

Various first order approaches have been proposed in the literature to solve Linear Programming (LP) problems, recently leading to practically efficient solvers for large-scale LPs. From a theoretical perspective, linear convergence rates…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-29 Richard Cole , Christoph Hertrich , Yixin Tao , László A. Végh

In this paper, we consider a discrete-time Stackelberg mean field game with a finite number of leaders, a finite number of major followers and an infinite number of minor followers. The leaders and the followers each observe types privately…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-21 Deepanshu Vasal

The stable principal component pursuit (SPCP) problem is a non-smooth convex optimization problem, the solution of which has been shown both in theory and in practice to enable one to recover the low rank and sparse components of a matrix…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-03-19 Necdet Serhat Aybat , Donald Goldfarb , Garud Iyengar