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Optimal transport (OT) theory provides a principled framework for modeling mass movement in applications such as mobility, logistics, and economics. Classical formulations, however, generally ignore capacity limits that are intrinsic in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Anqi Dong , Karl Henrik Johansson , Johan Karlsson

Optimal transport (OT) theory has attracted much attention in machine learning and signal processing applications. OT defines a notion of distance between probability distributions of source and target data points. A crucial factor that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Pratik Jawanpuria , Dai Shi , Bamdev Mishra , Junbin Gao

Hyperbolic-spaces are better suited to represent data with underlying hierarchical relationships, e.g., tree-like data. However, it is often necessary to incorporate, through alignment, different but related representations meaningfully.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-03 Andrés Hoyos-Idrobo

Optimal transport (OT) is a powerful geometric and probabilistic tool for finding correspondences and measuring similarity between two distributions. Yet, its original formulation relies on the existence of a cost function between the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-09 Ievgen Redko , Titouan Vayer , Rémi Flamary , Nicolas Courty

This paper proposes the use of the Hellinger--Kantorovich metric from unbalanced optimal transport (UOT) in a dimensionality reduction and learning (supervised and unsupervised) pipeline. The performance of UOT is compared to that of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-24 Muhammad Rana , Keaton Hamm

Optimal transport (OT) compares probability distributions by computing a meaningful alignment between their samples. CO-optimal transport (COOT) takes this comparison further by inferring an alignment between features as well. While this…

The unsupervised task of aligning two or more distributions in a shared latent space has many applications including fair representations, batch effect mitigation, and unsupervised domain adaptation. Existing flow-based approaches estimate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Zeyu Zhou , Ziyu Gong , Pradeep Ravikumar , David I. Inouye

Optimal Transport (OT) problem aims to find a transport plan that bridges two distributions while minimizing a given cost function. OT theory has been widely utilized in generative modeling. In the beginning, OT distance has been used as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Jaemoo Choi , Jaewoong Choi , Myungjoo Kang

Optimal transport (OT) is a versatile framework for comparing probability measures, with many applications to statistics, machine learning, and applied mathematics. However, OT distances suffer from computational and statistical scalability…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-08 Ziv Goldfeld , Kengo Kato , Gabriel Rioux , Ritwik Sadhu

Optimal transport (OT) is a central framework for modeling distribution shifts. Because OT compares distributions directly in input space, a well-designed ground metric between observations is essential to ensure that the optimizer does not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Philip Naumann , Jacob Kauffmann , Klaus-Robert Müller , Grégoire Montavon

Network alignment, which aims to find node correspondence across different networks, is the cornerstone of various downstream multi-network and Web mining tasks. Most of the embedding-based methods indirectly model cross-network node…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Qi Yu , Zhichen Zeng , Yuchen Yan , Lei Ying , R. Srikant , Hanghang Tong

As a powerful technique in generative modeling, Flow Matching (FM) aims to learn velocity fields from noise to data, which is often explained and implemented as solving Optimal Transport (OT) problems. In this study, we bridge FM and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Angxiao Yue , Anqi Dong , Hongteng Xu

Optimal Transport has received much attention in Machine Learning as it allows to compare probability distributions by exploiting the geometry of the underlying space. However, in its original formulation, solving this problem suffers from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Clément Bonet

Optimal Transport (OT) is a mathematical framework that first emerged in the eighteenth century and has led to a plethora of methods for answering many theoretical and applied questions. The last decade has been a witness to the remarkable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Abdelwahed Khamis , Russell Tsuchida , Mohamed Tarek , Vivien Rolland , Lars Petersson

This paper investigates the connections between rectified flows, flow matching, and optimal transport. Flow matching is a recent approach to learning generative models by estimating velocity fields that guide transformations from a source…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Johannes Hertrich , Antonin Chambolle , Julie Delon

Optimal transport (OT) and Schr{\"o}dinger bridge (SB) problems have emerged as powerful frameworks for transferring probability distributions with minimal cost. However, existing approaches typically focus on endpoint matching while…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-09 Xu Duan , Dongmei Chen

Dynamical formulations of optimal transport (OT) frame the task of comparing distributions as a variational problem which searches for a path between distributions minimizing a kinetic energy functional. In applications, it is frequently…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-11 Martin Bauer , Nicolas Charon , Tom Needham , Mao Nishino

The optimal transport (OT) problem has gained significant traction in modern machine learning for its ability to: (1) provide versatile metrics, such as Wasserstein distances and their variants, and (2) determine optimal couplings between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Xinran Liu , Rocío Díaz Martín , Yikun Bai , Ashkan Shahbazi , Matthew Thorpe , Akram Aldroubi , Soheil Kolouri

Over the several recent years, there has been a boom in development of Flow Matching (FM) methods for generative modeling. One intriguing property pursued by the community is the ability to learn flows with straight trajectories which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-11 Nikita Kornilov , Petr Mokrov , Alexander Gasnikov , Alexander Korotin

Flow Matching (FM) method in generative modeling maps arbitrary probability distributions by constructing an interpolation between them and then learning the vector field that defines ODE for this interpolation. Recently, it was shown that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-03 Nikita Kornilov , Alexander Korotin