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State of the art qubit systems are reaching the gate fidelities required for scalable quantum computation architectures. Further improvements in the fidelity of quantum gates demands characterization and benchmarking protocols that are…

Quantum gate set tomography (GST) has emerged as a promising method for the full characterization of quantum logic gates. In contrast to quantum process tomography (QPT), GST self-consistently and correctly accounts for state preparation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-11 Daniel Greenbaum

Typical quantum gate tomography protocols struggle with a self-consistency problem: the gate operation cannot be reconstructed without knowledge of the initial state and final measurement, but such knowledge cannot be obtained without…

Accurate noise characterization in quantum gates and circuits is vital for the development of reliable quantum simulations for chemically relevant systems and fault-tolerant quantum computing. This paper reviews a variety of key…

Quantum system characterization techniques represent the front line in the identification and mitigation of noise in quantum computing, but can be expensive in terms of quantum resources and time to repeatedly employ. Another challenging…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-20 Gregory A. L. White , Charles D. Hill , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Adiabatic geometric phase gates offer enhanced robustness against fluctuations compared to con- ventional Rydberg blockade-based phase gates that rely on dynamical phase accumulation. We theoretically demonstrate two- and multi-qubit phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Sinchan Snigdha Rej , Bimalendu Deb

With the current interest in building quantum computers, there is a strong need for accurate and efficient characterization of the noise in quantum gate implementations. A key measure of the performance of a quantum gate is the minimum gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Yiping Lu , Jun Yan Sim , Jun Suzuki , Berthold-Georg Englert , Hui Khoon Ng

Implementing arbitrary single-qubit gates with near perfect fidelity is among the most fundamental requirements in gate-based quantum information processing. In this work, we fabric a transmon qubit with long coherence times and demonstrate…

Neutral atoms are a promising platform for scalable quantum computing, however prior demonstration of high fidelity gates or low-loss readout methods have employed restricted numbers of qubits. Using randomized benchmarking of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-20 B. Nikolov , E. Diamond-Hitchcock , J. Bass , N. L. R. Spong , J. D. Pritchard

Gate set tomography (GST) allows for a self-consistent characterization of noisy quantum information processors. The standard device-agnostic approach treats the QIPs as black boxes that are only constrained by the laws of physics,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-01 P. Viñas , A. Bermudez

Contemporary methods for benchmarking noisy quantum processors typically measure average error rates or process infidelities. However, thresholds for fault-tolerant quantum error correction are given in terms of worst-case error rates --…

Benchmarking methods that can be adapted to multi-qubit systems are essential for assessing the overall or "holistic" performance of nascent quantum processors. The current industry standard is Clifford randomized benchmarking (RB), which…

One of the main challenges in building a quantum processor is to characterize the environmental noise. Noise characterization can be achieved by exploiting different techniques, such as randomization where several sequences of random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Elena Ferraro , Marco De Michielis

We present measurements of single-qubit gate errors for a superconducting qubit. Results from quantum process tomography and randomized benchmarking are compared with gate errors obtained from a double pi pulse experiment. Randomized…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-03-08 J. M. Chow , J. M. Gambetta , L. Tornberg , Jens Koch , Lev S. Bishop , A. A. Houck , B. R. Johnson , L. Frunzio , S. M. Girvin , R. J. Schoelkopf

Gate set tomography (GST) provides precise, self-consistent estimates of the noise channels for all of a quantum processor's logic gates. But GST experiments are large, involving many distinct quantum circuits. This has prevented their use…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Corey Ostrove , Kenneth Rudinger , Stefan Seritan , Kevin Young , Robin Blume-Kohout

An important step in building a quantum computer is calibrating experimentally implemented quantum gates to produce operations that are close to ideal unitaries. The calibration step involves estimating the systematic errors in gates and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Shelby Kimmel , Guang Hao Low , Theodore J. Yoder

Characterization of experimental systems is an essential step in developing and improving quantum hardware. A collection of protocols known as Randomized Benchmarking (RB) was developed in the past decade, which provides an efficient way to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-22 Linghang Kong

Practical Quantum computing hinges on the ability to control large numbers of qubits with high fidelity. Quantum dots define a promising platform due to their compatibility with semiconductor manufacturing. Moreover, high-fidelity…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-07-28 W. I. L. Lawrie , M. Rimbach-Russ , F. van Riggelen , N. W. Hendrickx , S. L. de Snoo , A. Sammak , G. Scappucci , J. Helsen , M. Veldhorst

A key requirement for scalable quantum computing is that elementary quantum gates can be implemented with sufficiently low error. One method for determining the error behavior of a gate implementation is to perform process tomography.…

We characterize single qubit Clifford gate operations with randomized benchmarking in a 2D array of neutral atom qubits, and demonstrate global and site selected gates with high fidelity. An average fidelity of $F^2=0.9983(14)$ is measured…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-26 T. Xia , M. Lichtman , K. Maller , A. W. Carr , M. J. Piotrowicz , L. Isenhower , M. Saffman
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