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While numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are essential for forecasting thunderstorms hours in advance, NWP uncertainty, which increases with lead time, limits the predictability of thunderstorm occurrence. This study investigates how…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-02-20 Kianusch Vahid Yousefnia , Tobias Bölle , Christoph Metzl

Accurate marine wind forecasts are essential for safe navigation, ship routing, and energy operations, yet they remain challenging because observations over the ocean are sparse, heterogeneous, and temporally variable. We reformulate wind…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Matteo Peduto , Qidong Yang , Jonathan Giezendanner , Devis Tuia , Sherrie Wang

Sub-seasonal climate forecasting (SSF) is the prediction of key climate variables such as temperature and precipitation on the 2-week to 2-month time horizon. Skillful SSF would have substantial societal value in areas such as agricultural…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-10-12 Sijie He , Xinyan Li , Laurie Trenary , Benjamin A Cash , Timothy DelSole , Arindam Banerjee

Modern deep learning techniques, which mimic traditional numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and are derived from global atmospheric reanalysis data, have caused a significant revolution within a few years. In this new paradigm, our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Minjong Cheon , Daehyun Kang , Yo-Hwan Choi , Seon-Yu Kang

Obtaining a sufficient forecast lead time for local precipitation is essential in preventing hazardous weather events. Global warming-induced climate change increases the challenge of accurately predicting severe precipitation events, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Sojung An , Junha Lee , Jiyeon Jang , Inchae Na , Wooyeon Park , Sujeong You

This study introduces the second version of the Integrated Climate Model (ICM). ICM is developed by the Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics to improve the short-term climate prediction of the East…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-12-11 Ping Huang , Lei Wang , Pengfei Wang , Zhihua Zhang , Gang Huang

Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models struggle to skillfully predict tropical precipitation occurrence and amount, calling for alternative approaches. For instance, it has been shown that fairly simple, purely data-driven logistic…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-01-09 Eva-Maria Walz , Peter Knippertz , Andreas H. Fink , Gregor Köhler , Tilmann Gneiting

An information-theoretic framework is developed to assess the predictability of ENSO complexity, which is a central problem in contemporary meteorology with large societal impacts. The information theory advances a unique way to quantify…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-04-05 Xianghui Fang , Nan Chen

The skill of current predictions of the warm phase of the El Ni\~no Southern Oscillation (ENSO) reduces significantly beyond a lag of six months. In this paper, we aim to increase this prediction skill at lags up to one year. The new method…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2018-08-15 Peter D. Nooteboom , Qing Yi Feng , Cristóbal López , Emilio Hernández-García , Henk A. Dijkstra

Reliable dynamic sea level forecasts are hindered by numerous sources of uncertainty on daily-to-seasonal timescales (1-180 days) due to atmospheric boundary conditions and internal ocean variability. Studies have demonstrated that certain…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Andrew Brettin , Laure Zanna , Elizabeth A. Barnes

We use a conditional deep convolutional generative adversarial network to predict the geopotential height of the 500 hPa pressure level, the two-meter temperature and the total precipitation for the next 24 hours over Europe. The proposed…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-06-16 Alexander Bihlo

El Ni\~{n}o is a typical example of a coupled atmosphere--ocean phenomenon, but it is unclear whether it can be described quantitatively by a correlation between relevant climate events. To provide clarity on this issue, we developed a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-02-14 Nozomi Sugiura , Shinya Kouketsu

Machine learning models for the global atmosphere that are capable of producing stable, multi-year simulations of Earth's climate have recently been developed. However, the ability of these ML models to generalize beyond the training…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Bosong Zhang , Timothy M. Merlis

Effective climate risk assessment is hindered by the resolution gap between coarse global climate models and the fine-scale information needed for regional decisions. We introduce GenFocal, an AI framework that generates statistically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zhong Yi Wan , Ignacio Lopez-Gomez , Robert Carver , Tapio Schneider , John Anderson , Fei Sha , Leonardo Zepeda-Núñez

Understanding seasonal climatic conditions is critical for better management of resources such as water, energy and agriculture. Recently, there has been a great interest in utilizing the power of artificial intelligence methods in climate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Alper Unal , Busra Asan , Ismail Sezen , Bugra Yesilkaynak , Yusuf Aydin , Mehmet Ilicak , Gozde Unal

Earth System Models (ESMs) are the state of the art for projecting the effects of climate change. However, longstanding uncertainties in their ability to simulate regional and local precipitation extremes and related processes inhibit…

Applications · Statistics 2017-07-20 Evan Kodra , Singdhansu Chatterjee , Stone Chen , Auroop R. Ganguly

Improving the representation of precipitation in Earth system models (ESMs) is critical for assessing the impacts of climate change and especially of extreme events like floods and droughts. In existing ESMs, precipitation is not resolved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Michael Aich , Sebastian Bathiany , Philipp Hess , Yu Huang , Niklas Boers

Historical observations of severe weather and simulated severe weather environments (i.e., features) from the Global Ensemble Forecast System v12 (GEFSv12) Reforecast Dataset (GEFS/R) are used in conjunction to train and test random forest…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-12-19 Aaron J. Hill , Russ S. Schumacher , Israel Jirak

Skilful Machine Learned weather forecasts have challenged our approach to numerical weather prediction, demonstrating competitive performance compared to traditional physics-based approaches. Data-driven systems have been trained to…

This work addresses the challenge of short-term precipitation forecasting by applying Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM) neural networks to weather radar data from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Petros Demetrakopoulos