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As sixth-generation (6G) networks move toward ultra-dense, intelligent edge environments, efficient resource management under stringent privacy, mobility, and energy constraints becomes critical. This paper introduces a novel Federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Francisco Javier Esono Nkulu Andong , Qi Min

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems face significant challenges in complex reasoning, multi-hop queries, and domain-specific QA. While existing GraphRAG frameworks have made progress in structural knowledge organization, they still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jie Wang , Honghua Huang , Xi Ge , Jianhui Su , Wen Liu , Shiguo Lian

Personalized medication aims to tailor healthcare to individual patient characteristics. However, the heterogeneity of patient data across healthcare systems presents significant challenges to achieving accurate and effective personalized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Jiechao Gao , Yuangang Li

Protecting sensitive health data while enabling collaborative analysis is a central challenge in healthcare. Traditional machine learning (ML) requires institutions to pool anonymized patient records, centralizing analytical development and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Gaurang Sharma , Juha Pajula , Aada Illikainen , Markus Rautell , Noora Lipsonen , Petri Alhainen , Mika Hilvo

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across multiple clients without sharing their private data. However, data heterogeneity across clients leads to client drift, which degrades the overall generalization performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Alina Devkota , Jacob Thrasher , Donald Adjeroh , Binod Bhattarai , Prashnna K. Gyawali

As privacy concerns continue to grow, federated learning (FL) has gained significant attention as a promising privacy-preserving technology, leading to considerable advancements in recent years. Unlike traditional machine learning, which…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Boyu Fan , Siyang Jiang , Xiang Su , Sasu Tarkoma , Pan Hui

Federated Learning is a promising approach for learning from user data while preserving data privacy. However, the high requirements of the model training process make it difficult for clients with limited memory or bandwidth to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Minh K. Quan , Dinh C. Nguyen , Van-Dinh Nguyen , Mayuri Wijayasundara , Sujeeva Setunge , Pubudu N. Pathirana

The continued promise of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in their natural language understanding and generation capabilities, has driven a rapidly increasing interest in identifying and developing LLM use cases. In an effort to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Andreea-Elena Bodea , Stephen Meisenbacher , Alexandra Klymenko , Florian Matthes

The introduction of new features and services in the banking sector often overwhelms customers, creating an opportunity for banks to enhance user experience through financial chatbots powered by large language models (LLMs). We initiated an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Hamza Landolsi , Kais Letaief , Nizar Taghouti , Ines Abdeljaoued-Tej

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods have significantly enhanced the performance of large language models (LLMs) in domain-specific tasks. However, existing RAG methods do not adequately utilize the naturally inherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Haoyu Huang , Yongfeng Huang , Junjie Yang , Zhenyu Pan , Yongqiang Chen , Kaili Ma , Hongzhi Chen , James Cheng

Federated clustering addresses the critical challenge of extracting patterns from decentralized, unlabeled data. However, it is hampered by the flaw that current approaches are forced to accept a compromise between performance and privacy:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Guanxiong He , Jie Wang , Liaoyuan Tang , Zheng Wang , Rong Wang , Feiping Nie

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance across domains but remain prone to hallucinations and inconsistencies. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates these issues by augmenting model inputs with relevant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Akash Dhasade , Rachid Guerraoui , Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Diana Petrescu , Rafael Pires , Mathis Randl , Martijn de Vos

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has enhanced large language models by enabling access to external knowledge, with graph-based RAG emerging as a powerful paradigm for structured retrieval and reasoning. However, existing graph-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Nengbo Wang , Tuo Liang , Vikash Singh , Chaoda Song , Van Yang , Yu Yin , Jing Ma , Jagdip Singh , Vipin Chaudhary

Small language models (SLMs) support efficient deployments on resource-constrained edge devices, but their limited capacity compromises inference performance. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a promising solution to enhance model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Shangyu Liu , Zhenzhe Zheng , Xiaoyao Huang , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen , Jie Wu

Remote physiological measurement gained wide attention, while it requires collecting users' privacy-sensitive information, and existing contactless measurements still rely on labeled client data. This presents challenges when we want to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Xiao Yang , Dengbo He , Jiyao Wang , Kaishun Wu

Given the limited performance and efficiency of on-device Large Language Models (LLMs), the collaborations between multiple LLMs enable desirable performance enhancements, in which data, tokens, and model weights could be shared across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Zihan Chen , Zeshen Li , Howard H. Yang , Tony Q. S. Quek , Jihong Park

Federated learning (FL) is a popular privacy-preserving paradigm that enables distributed clients to collaboratively train models with a central server while keeping raw data locally. In practice, distinct model architectures, varying data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yuting Ma , Lechao Cheng , Yaxiong Wang , Zhun Zhong , Xiaohua Xu , Meng Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by retrieving documents from an external corpus at inference time. When this corpus contains sensitive information, however, unprotected RAG systems are at risk of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Ruihan Wu , Erchi Wang , Zhiyuan Zhang , Yu-Xiang Wang

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a transformative approach for enabling distributed machine learning while preserving user privacy, yet it faces challenges like communication inefficiencies and reliance on centralized infrastructures,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Sai Puppala , Ismail Hossain , Md Jahangir Alam , Sajedul Talukder , Zahidur Talukder , Syed Bahauddin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating them with an external knowledge base to improve the answer relevance and accuracy. In real-world scenarios, beyond pure text, a substantial amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jiaru Zou , Dongqi Fu , Sirui Chen , Xinrui He , Zihao Li , Yada Zhu , Jiawei Han , Jingrui He