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Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has revolutionized structural biology by enabling near-atomic-level visualization of biomolecular assemblies. However, the exponential growth in cryo-EM data throughput and complexity, coupled with diverse…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-25 Weining Fu , Kai Shu , Kui Xu , Qiangfeng Cliff Zhang

Resolving the structural variability of proteins is often key to understanding the structure-function relationship of those macromolecular machines. Single particle analysis using Cryogenic electron microscopy (CryoEM), combined with…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-22 Muyuan Chen , Bogdan Toader , Roy Lederman

Macromolecules change their shape (conformation) in the process of carrying out their functions. The imaging by cryo-electron microscopy of rapidly-frozen, individual copies of macromolecules (single particles) is a powerful and general…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-22 Bogdan Toader , Fred J. Sigworth , Roy R. Lederman

Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has recently joined X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy as a high-resolution structural method for biological macromolecules. Cryo-EM was selected by Nature Methods as Method of the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-03-20 Amit Singer

Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM) is a Nobel prize-winning technology for determining the 3D structure of particles at near-atomic resolution. A fundamental step in the recovering of the 3D single-particle structure is to align its 2D…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-12 Koby Bibas , Gili Weiss-Dicker , Dana Cohen , Noa Cahan , Hayit Greenspan

Cryo-Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM) has become an extremely powerful method for resolving structural details of large biomolecular complexes. However, challenging problems in single-particle methods remain open because of (1) the low…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-08-12 Shengnan Lyu , Christian Wülker , Yuqing Pan , Amitesh S. Jayaraman , Jianhao Zheng , Yilin Cai , Gregory S. Chirikjian

Theoretical concepts in condensed matter physics are typically verified and also developed by exploiting computer simulations mostly in simple models. Predictions based on these usually isotropic models are often at odds with measurement…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-11-13 K. Koperwas , A. Grzybowski , M. Paluch

Machine Learning (ML) techniques are revolutionizing the way to perform efficient materials modeling. Nevertheless, not all the ML approaches allow for the understanding of microscopic mechanisms at play in different phenomena. To address…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-06-22 Udaykumar Gajera , Loriano Storchi , Danila Amoroso , Francesco Delodovici , Silvia Picozzi

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is indispensable in modern materials science, enabling high-resolution imaging across a wide range of structural, chemical, and functional investigations. However, SEM imaging remains constrained by…

Recent breakthroughs in high-resolution imaging of biomolecules in solution with cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have unlocked new doors for the reconstruction of molecular volumes, thereby promising further advances in biology,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-27 Claire Donnat , Axel Levy , Frederic Poitevin , Ellen Zhong , Nina Miolane

Recent advances in (scanning) transmission electron microscopy have enabled routine generation of large volumes of high-veracity structural data on 2D and 3D materials, naturally offering the challenge of using these as starting inputs for…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2022-11-08 Ayana Ghosh , Maxim Ziatdinov , Ondrej Dyck , Bobby Sumpter , Sergei V. Kalinin

Electronic structure methods for accurate calculation of molecular properties have a high cost that grows steeply with the problem size, therefore, it is helpful to have the underlying atomic basis functions that are less in number but of…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-03-15 Dimitri N. Laikov

Single particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is an imaging technique capable of recovering the high-resolution 3-D structure of biological macromolecules from many noisy and randomly oriented projection images. One notable…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-30 Andy Zhang , Oscar Mickelin , Joe Kileel , Eric J. Verbeke , Nicholas F. Marshall , Marc Aurèle Gilles , Amit Singer

Over the past decade, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has emerged as a primary method for determining near-native, near-atomic resolution 3D structures of biological macromolecules. In order to meet increasing demand for cryo-EM,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-19 Paul T. Kim , Alex J. Noble , Anchi Cheng , Tristan Bepler

Cryo-electron tomography (Cryo-ET) is a 3D imaging technique that enables the systemic study of shape, abundance, and distribution of macromolecular structures in single cells in near-atomic resolution. However, the systematic and efficient…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-29 Kai Yi , Jianye Pang , Yungeng Zhang , Xiangrui Zeng , Min Xu

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) studies using single particle reconstruction is extensively used to reveal structural information of macromolecular complexes. Aiming at the highest achievable resolution, state of the art electron…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Ramin Norousi , Stephan Wickles , Thomas Becker , Roland Beckmann , Volker J. Schmid , Achim Tresch

This paper reviews opportunities for using electron microscopy in various gas atmospheres for the analysis and morpho-physiological modification of biological structures. The approaches that allow varying the gaseous phase content, as well…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-08-02 O. V. Gradov , M. A. Gradova

Cryo-EM is a transformational paradigm in molecular biology where computational methods are used to infer 3D molecular structure at atomic resolution from extremely noisy 2D electron microscope images. At the forefront of research is how to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-12 Shayan Shekarforoush , David B. Lindell , Marcus A. Brubaker , David J. Fleet

Simulation-based inference provides a powerful framework for cryo-electron microscopy, employing neural networks in methods like CryoSBI to infer biomolecular conformations via learned latent representations. This latent space represents a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-05 Luke Evans , Octavian-Vlad Murad , Lars Dingeldein , Pilar Cossio , Roberto Covino , Marina Meila

FRET experiments can yield state-specific structural information on complex dynamic biomolecular assemblies. However, FRET experiments need to be combined with computer simulations to overcome their sparsity. We introduce (i) an automated…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-09-11 Mykola Dimura , Thomas O. Peulen , Hugo Sanabria , Dmitro Rodnin , Katherina Hemmen , Claus A. M. Seidel , Holger Gohlke