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A well-known open problem in graph theory asks whether Stanley's chromatic symmetric function, a generalization of the chromatic polynomial of a graph, distinguishes between any two non-isomorphic trees. Previous work has proven the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-05 Jake Huryn

A subgraph of an edge-coloured graph is called rainbow if all its edges have distinct colours. The study of rainbow subgraphs goes back more than two hundred years to the work of Euler on Latin squares. Since then rainbow structures have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-11 Richard Montgomery , Alexey Pokrovskiy , Benny Sudakov

A graph is called set-sequential if its vertices can be labeled with distinct nonzero vectors in $\mathbb{F}_2^n$ such that when each edge is labeled with the sum$\pmod{2}$ of its vertices, every nonzero vector in $\mathbb{F}_2^n$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-17 Louis Golowich , Chiheon Kim

An L(2, 1)-labeling of a graph is an assignment of nonnegative integers to the vertices of G such that adjacent vertices receive numbers differed by at least 2, and vertices at distance 2 are assigned distinct numbers. The L(2, 1)-labeling…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-02 Dong Chen , Wai Chee Shiu , Qiaojun Shu , Pak Kiu Sun , Weifan Wang

A conjecture of Graham (repeated by Erd\H{o}s) asserts that for any set $A \subseteq \mathbb{F}_p \setminus \{0\}$, there is an ordering $a_1, \ldots, a_{|A|}$ of the elements of $A$ such that the partial sums $a_1, a_1+a_2, \ldots,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-20 Noah Kravitz

Let G be a graph with vertex set {1,...,n}. A spanning forest F of G is increasing if the sequence of labels on any path starting at the minimum vertex of a tree of F form an increasing sequence. Hallam and Sagan showed that the generating…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-18 Joshua Hallam , Jeremy L. Martin , Bruce E. Sagan

We prove that, among rectangular grid graphs with a fixed number of vertices, the number of spanning trees increases when the side lengths are made more balanced. In particular, among all rectangular grid graphs with $n^2$ vertices, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Jiechen Zhang

A good edge-labeling of a graph [Ara\'ujo, Cohen, Giroire, Havet, Discrete Appl. Math., forthcoming] is an assignment of numbers to the edges such that for no pair of vertices, there exist two non-decreasing paths. In this paper, we study…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-30 Michel Bode , Babak Farzad , Dirk Oliver Theis

Ramsey--Tur\'an theory considers Tur\'an type questions in Ramsey-context, asking for the existence of a small subgraph in a graph $G$ where the complement $\overline{G}$ lacks an appropriate subgraph $F$, such as a clique of linear size.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-28 Jie Han , Seonghyuk Im , Jaehoon Kim , Donglei Yang

A routing labeling scheme assigns a binary string, called a label, to each node in a network, and chooses a distinct port number from $\{1,\ldots,d\}$ for every edge outgoing from a node of degree $d$. Then, given the labels of $u$ and $w$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Paweł Gawrychowski , Wojciech Janczewski , Jakub Łopuszański

Graham conjectured in 1971 that for any prime $p$, any subset $S\subseteq \mathbb{Z}_p\setminus \{0\}$ admits an ordering $s_1,s_2,\dots,s_{|S|}$ where all partial sums $s_1, s_1+s_2,\dots,s_1+s_2+\dots+s_{|S|}$ are distinct. We prove this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Huy Tuan Pham , Lisa Sauermann

A difference vertex labeling of a graph G is an assignment f of labels to the vertices of G that induces for each edge xy the weight |f(x)-f(y)|. A difference vertex labeling f of a graph G of size n is odd-graceful if f is an injection…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-07-24 Christian Barrientos

For any graph $G$, let $t(G)$ be the number of spanning trees of $G$, $L(G)$ be the line graph of $G$ and for any non-negative integer $r$, $S_r(G)$ be the graph obtained from $G$ by replacing each edge $e$ by a path of length $r+1$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-24 Fengming Dong , Weigen Yan

An $(s,t)$-matching in a bipartite graph $G=(U,V,E)$ is a subset of the edges $F$ such that each component of $G[F]$ is a tree with at most $t$ edges and each vertex in $U$ has $s$ neighbours in $G[H]$. We give sharp conditions for a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-07 Alexander Roberts

A labeled oriented graph (LOG) is an oriented graph with a labeling function from the edge set into the vertex set. The complexity of a LOG is the minimal cardinality of an initial set $S$ of vertices such that every vertex can be reached…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-24 Moritz Christmann , Timo de Wolff

Halin conjectured 20 years ago that a graph has a normal spanning tree if and only if every minor of it has countable colouring number. We prove Halin's conjecture. This implies a forbidden minor characterisation for the property of having…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-12 Max Pitz

After the discovery of Khovanov homology, which categorifies the Jones polynomial, an analogous categorification of the chromatic polynomial, known as chromatic homology, was introduced. Its graded Euler characteristic recovers the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-02 Aninda Banerjee , Apratim Chakraborty , Swarup Kumar Das , Pravakar Paul

For each $\Delta>0$, we prove that there exists some $C=C(\Delta)$ for which the binomial random graph $G(n,C\log n/n)$ almost surely contains a copy of every tree with $n$ vertices and maximum degree at most $\Delta$. In doing so, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-22 Richard Montgomery

In this paper we propose a novel methodology to construct Optimal Classification Trees that takes into account that noisy labels may occur in the training sample. Our approach rests on two main elements: (1) the splitting rules for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Víctor Blanco , Alberto Japón , Justo Puerto

Local convergence of bounded degree graphs was introduced by Benjamini and Schramm. This result was extended further by Lyons to bounded average degree graphs. In this paper, we study the convergence of a random tree sequence where the…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-02-04 Attila Deák