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Related papers: Randomization and ambiguity perception

200 papers

Monotonicity and recursivity are central assumptions in intertemporal consumption problems under ambiguity. We show that monotone recursive preferences admit both a recursive and an ex-ante representation, and that the certainty equivalent…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-01-23 Massimo Marinacci , Giulio Principi , Lorenzo Stanca

We introduce a way to compare actions in decision problems. One action is safer than another if the set of beliefs at which the decision-maker prefers the safer action expands as the decision-maker becomes more risk averse. We provide a…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-19 Marilyn Pease , Mark Whitmeyer

This paper develops a theory of learning under ambiguity induced by the decision maker's beliefs about the collection of data correlated with the true state of the world. Within our framework, two classical results on Bayesian learning…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-10 Cheaheon Lim

This paper introduces a qualitative measure of ambiguity and analyses its relationship with other measures of uncertainty. Probability measures relative likelihoods, while ambiguity measures vagueness surrounding those judgments. Ambiguity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-08 Michael S. K. M. Wong , Z. W. Wang

We introduce the \textit{prophet inequality with uncertain acceptance} model, in which a decision maker sequentially observes a sequence of independent options, each characterized by a value $x_i$ and an acceptance probability $p_i$, both…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Emile Martinez , Felipe Garrido-Lucero , Umberto Grandi , Sebastian Pérez-Salazar

We study the identification and estimation of first-price auction models where bidders have ambiguity about the valuation distribution and their preferences are represented by maxmin expected utility. When entry is exogenous, the…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2015-04-13 Gaurab Aryal , Dong-Hyuk Kim

Unaided human decision making appears to systematically violate consistency constraints imposed by normative theories; these biases in turn appear to justify the application of formal decision-analytic models. It is argued that both claims…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-08 Marvin S. Cohen

In this study, I present a theoretical social learning model to investigate how confirmation bias affects opinions when agents exchange information over a social network. Hence, besides exchanging opinions with friends, agents observe a…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-02-27 Marcos R. Fernandes

We propose and axiomatize a new model of incomplete preferences under uncertainty, which we call \textit{hope-and-prepare preferences}. An act is considered more desirable than an other act when, and only when, both an optimistic…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-07-29 Pierre Bardier , Bach Dong-Xuan , Van-Quy Nguyen

In this work we show that the ordering ambiguity on quantization depends on the representation choice. This property is then used to solve unambiguously some particular systems. Finally, we speculate on the consequences for more involved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-24 Alvaro de Souza Dutra

The ideas of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty are widely used to reason about the probabilistic predictions of machine-learning models. We identify incoherence in existing discussions of these ideas and suggest this stems from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Freddie Bickford Smith , Jannik Kossen , Eleanor Trollope , Mark van der Wilk , Adam Foster , Tom Rainforth

We introduce and study the problem of detecting whether an agent is updating their prior beliefs given new evidence in an optimal way that is Bayesian, or whether they are biased towards their own prior. In our model, biased agents form…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yiling Chen , Tao Lin , Ariel D. Procaccia , Aaditya Ramdas , Itai Shapira

I introduce novel preference formulations which capture aversion to ambiguity about unknown and potentially time-varying volatility. I compare these preferences with Gilboa and Schmeidler's maxmin expected utility as well as variational…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-09-21 Peter G. Hansen

One purpose -- quite a few thinkers would say the main purpose -- of seeking knowledge about the world is to enhance our ability to make good decisions. An item of knowledge that can make no conceivable difference with regard to anything we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-12 Henry E. Kyburg

People routinely rely on data to make decisions, but the process can be riddled with biases. We show that patterns in data might be noticed first or more strongly, depending on how the data is visually represented or what the viewer finds…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Cindy Xiong Bearfield , Lisanne van Weelden , Adam Waytz , Steven Franconeri

Individuals use models to guide decisions, but many models are wrong. This paper studies which misspecified models are likely to persist when individuals also entertain alternative models. Consider an agent who uses her model to learn the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-08-22 Cuimin Ba

Most work in mechanism design assumes that buyers are risk neutral; some considers risk aversion arising due to a non-linear utility for money. Yet behavioral studies have established that real agents exhibit risk attitudes which cannot be…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Shuchi Chawla , Kira Goldner , J. Benjamin Miller , Emmanouil Pountourakis

We live in an age of information abundance but know little about how this influences our opinions or attitudes. A common expectation is that people consulting numerous pieces of information, well balancing the different sides of an issue,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-02-18 Guillaume Deffuant , Marijn A. Keijzer , Sven Banisch

Meta-training agents with memory has been shown to culminate in Bayes-optimal agents, which casts Bayes-optimality as the implicit solution to a numerical optimization problem rather than an explicit modeling assumption. Bayes-optimal…

We use decision theory to confront uncertainty that is sufficiently broad to incorporate "models as approximations." We presume the existence of a featured collection of what we call "structured models" that have explicit substantive…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-08-22 Simone Cerreia-Vioglio , Lars Peter Hansen , Fabio Maccheroni , Massimo Marinacci