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While modern representation learning relies heavily on global error signals, decentralized algorithms driven by local interactions offer a fundamental distributed alternative. However, the macroscopic convergence properties of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zilin Li , Weiwei Xu , Xuchun Tong , Xuanbo Lu , Xuanqi Zhao

Quantifying the relations (e.g., similarity) between complex networks paves the way for studying the latent information shared across networks. However, fundamental relation metrics are not well-defined between networks. As a compromise,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Yang Tian , Hedong Hou , Guangzheng Xu , Ziyang Zhang , Pei Sun

We present a solution of the problem of level-set percolation for multivariate Gaussians defined in terms of weighted graph Laplacians on complex networks. It is achieved using a cavity or message passing approach, which allows one to…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-10-08 Reimer Kuehn

A graphon is a limiting object used to describe the behaviour of large networks through a function that captures the probability of edge formation between nodes. Although the merits of graphons to describe large and unlabelled networks are…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-23 Charles Dufour , Sofia C. Olhede

This paper studies a generalization of the standard continuous-time consensus protocol, obtained by replacing the Laplacian matrix of the communication graph with the so-called deformed Laplacian. The deformed Laplacian is a second-degree…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2013-06-14 Fabio Morbidi

Network data are becoming increasingly available, and so there is a need to develop suitable methodology for statistical analysis. Networks can be represented as graph Laplacian matrices, which are a type of manifold-valued data. Our main…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-02 Katie E. Severn , Ian L. Dryden , Simon P. Preston

In many studies, it is common to use binary (i.e., unweighted) edges to examine networks of entities that are either adjacent or not adjacent. Researchers have generalized such binary networks to incorporate edge weights, which allow one to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-29 Lucas Böttcher , Mason A. Porter

We study the importance of local structural properties in networks which have been evolved for a power-law scaling in their Laplacian spectrum. To this end, the degree distribution, two-point degree correlations, and degree-dependent…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-06-13 Steffen Karalus , Joachim Krug

Complex networks are made up of vertices and edges. The latter connect the vertices. There are several ways to measure the importance of the vertices, e.g., by counting the number of edges that start or end at each vertex, or by using the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-07-08 Silvia Noschese , Lothar Reichel

We propose a linear programming (LP) framework for steady-state diffusion and flux optimization on geometric networks. The state variable satisfies a discrete diffusion law on a weighted, oriented graph, where conductances are scaled by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Harbir Antil , Rainald Löhner , Felipe Pérez

Networked structures arise in a wide array of different contexts such as technological and transportation infrastructures, social phenomena, and biological systems. These highly interconnected systems have recently been the focus of a great…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Alain Barrat , Marc Barthelemy , Romualdo Pastor-Satorras , Alessandro Vespignani

We propose a structure-preserving model-reduction methodology for large-scale dynamic networks with tightly-connected components. First, the coherent groups are identified by a spectral clustering algorithm on the graph Laplacian matrix…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-15 Hancheng Min , Enrique Mallada

Let $G$ be a weakly connected directed graph with asymmetric graph Laplacian ${\cal L}$. Consensus and diffusion are dual dynamical processes defined on $G$ by $\dot x=-{\cal L}x$ for consensus and $\dot p=-p{\cal L}$ for diffusion. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-27 J. J. P. Veerman , E. Kummel

Network synchronization is an emerging phenomenon in complex networks. The spectrum of Laplacian matrix will be immensely helpful for getting the network dynamics information. Especially, network synchronizability is characterized by the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2014-11-18 Sateeshkrishna Dhuli , Y. N. Singh

Simplicial complexes constitute the underlying topology of interacting complex systems including among the others brain and social interaction networks. They are generalized network structures that allow to go beyond the framework of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-06-02 Joaquín J. Torres , Ginestra Bianconi

Turbulent and vortical flows are ubiquitous and their characterization is crucial for the understanding of several natural and industrial processes. Among different techniques to study spatio-temporal flow fields, complex networks represent…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-11-04 Giovanni Iacobello , Luca Ridolfi , Stefania Scarsoglio

Dynamical processes on networks are currently being considered in different domains of cross-disciplinary interest. Reaction-diffusion systems hosted on directed graphs are in particular relevant for their widespread applications, from…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-04-06 Silvia Contemori , Francesca Di Patti , Duccio Fanelli , Filippo Miele

We develop a geometric framework to study the structure and function of complex networks. We assume that hyperbolic geometry underlies these networks, and we show that with this assumption, heterogeneous degree distributions and strong…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-09-14 Dmitri Krioukov , Fragkiskos Papadopoulos , Maksim Kitsak , Amin Vahdat , Marian Boguna

Hypergraphs are used in machine learning to model higher-order relationships in data. While spectral methods for graphs are well-established, spectral theory for hypergraphs remains an active area of research. In this paper, we use random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Uthsav Chitra , Benjamin J Raphael

The identification of vertices that play a central role in network analysis is a fundamental challenge. Although traditional centrality measures have been extensively employed for this purpose, the increasing complexity of modern networks…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-07 Taiki Yamada