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Since the superiority of Transformer in learning long-term dependency, the sign language Transformer model achieves remarkable progress in Sign Language Recognition (SLR) and Translation (SLT). However, there are several issues with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Pan Xie , Mengyi Zhao , Xiaohui Hu

Automatic evaluation of ST systems is typically performed by comparing translation hypotheses with one or more reference translations. While effective to some extent, this approach inherits the limitation of reference-based evaluation that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Mauro Cettolo , Marco Gaido , Matteo Negri , Sara Papi , Luisa Bentivogli

Objective metrics for emotional expressiveness are vital for speech generation, particularly in expressive synthesis and voice conversion requiring emotional prosody transfer. To quantify this, the field widely relies on emotion similarity…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-30 Yun-Shao Tsai , Yi-Cheng Lin , Huang-Cheng Chou , Tzu-Wen Hsu , Yun-Man Hsu , Chun Wei Chen , Shrikanth Narayanan , Hung-yi Lee

Employing pre-trained language models (LM) to extract contextualized word representations has achieved state-of-the-art performance on various NLP tasks. However, applying this technique to noisy transcripts generated by automatic speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen

We propose the SAMU-XLSR: Semantically-Aligned Multimodal Utterance-level Cross-Lingual Speech Representation learning framework. Unlike previous works on speech representation learning, which learns multilingual contextual speech embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Sameer Khurana , Antoine Laurent , James Glass

State of the art natural language processing tools are built on context-dependent word embeddings, but no direct method for evaluating these representations currently exists. Standard tasks and datasets for intrinsic evaluation of…

Humans are capable of processing speech by making use of multiple sensory modalities. For example, the environment where a conversation takes place generally provides semantic and/or acoustic context that helps us to resolve ambiguities or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Ozan Caglayan , Ramon Sanabria , Shruti Palaskar , Loïc Barrault , Florian Metze

We introduce SemCSE, an unsupervised method for learning semantic embeddings of scientific texts. Building on recent advances in contrastive learning for text embeddings, our approach leverages LLM-generated summaries of scientific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Marc Brinner , Sina Zarriess

Automatic Sign Language Recognition (ASLR) has emerged as a vital field for bridging the gap between deaf and hearing communities. However, the problem of sign-to-sign retrieval or detecting a specific sign within a sequence of continuous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Samuel Ebimobowei Johnny , Blessed Guda , Emmanuel Enejo Aaron , Assane Gueye

Sign Language Translation (SLT) aims to map sign language videos to spoken language text. A common approach relies on gloss annotations as an intermediate representation, decomposing SLT into two sub-tasks: video-to-gloss recognition and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jianyuan Guo , Peike Li , Trevor Cohn

We present Relational Sentence Embedding (RSE), a new paradigm to further discover the potential of sentence embeddings. Prior work mainly models the similarity between sentences based on their embedding distance. Because of the complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Bin Wang , Haizhou Li

Sign Language Recognition (SLR) is a fast-growing field that aims to fill the communication gaps between the hearing-impaired and people without hearing loss. Existing solutions for Persian Sign Language (PSL) are limited to word-level…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Amirparsa Salmankhah , Amirreza Rajabi , Negin Kheirmand , Ali Fadaeimanesh , Amirreza Tarabkhah , Amirreza Kazemzadeh , Hamed Farbeh

Lexical Semantic Change (LSC) provides insight into cultural and social dynamics. Yet, the validity of methods for measuring different kinds of LSC remains unestablished due to the absence of historical benchmark datasets. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Naomi Baes , Raphaël Merx , Nick Haslam , Ekaterina Vylomova , Haim Dubossarsky

Sign language is commonly used by deaf or mute people to communicate but requires extensive effort to master. It is usually performed with the fast yet delicate movement of hand gestures, body posture, and even facial expressions. Current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Songyao Jiang , Bin Sun , Lichen Wang , Yue Bai , Kunpeng Li , Yun Fu

In this study, we present SeMaScore, generated using a segment-wise mapping and scoring algorithm that serves as an evaluation metric for automatic speech recognition tasks. SeMaScore leverages both the error rate and a more robust…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-15 Zitha Sasindran , Harsha Yelchuri , T. V. Prabhakar

We propose a novel embedding-based captioning metric termed as L-CLIPScore that can be used for efficiently evaluating caption quality and training captioning model. L-CLIPScore is calculated from a lightweight CLIP (L-CLIP), which is a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Li Li , Yingzhe Peng , Xu Yang , Ruoxi Cheng , Haiyang Xu , Ming Yan , Fei Huang

Sign languages are multi-channel visual languages, where signers use a continuous 3D space to communicate.Sign Language Production (SLP), the automatic translation from spoken to sign languages, must embody both the continuous articulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Ben Saunders , Necati Cihan Camgoz , Richard Bowden

Our aim is to develop a unified model for sign language understanding, that performs sign language translation (SLT) and sign-subtitle alignment (SSA). Together, these two tasks enable the conversion of continuous signing videos into spoken…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Youngjoon Jang , Liliane Momeni , Zifan Jiang , Joon Son Chung , Gül Varol , Andrew Zisserman

Sign language is a visual language that encompasses all linguistic features of natural languages and serves as the primary communication method for the deaf and hard-of-hearing communities. Although many studies have successfully adapted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Ronglai Zuo , Rolandos Alexandros Potamias , Evangelos Ververas , Jiankang Deng , Stefanos Zafeiriou

We propose BERTScore, an automatic evaluation metric for text generation. Analogously to common metrics, BERTScore computes a similarity score for each token in the candidate sentence with each token in the reference sentence. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Tianyi Zhang , Varsha Kishore , Felix Wu , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Yoav Artzi