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This paper investigates the problem of bounding counterfactual queries from an arbitrary collection of observational and experimental distributions and qualitative knowledge about the underlying data-generating model represented in the form…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Junzhe Zhang , Jin Tian , Elias Bareinboim

In causal inference, interference occurs when the treatment of one unit may affect the outcomes of other units. The goal of this work is to serve as a guide to the use of linear outcome modeling for estimating causal effects in settings…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-01 Eric Tong , Salvador V. Balkus

Causal models seek to unravel the cause-effect relationships among variables from observed data, as opposed to mere mappings among them, as traditional regression models do. This paper introduces a novel causal discovery algorithm designed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Saeed Mohseni-Sehdeh , Walid Saad

The estimation of linear causal models (also known as structural equation models) from data is a well-known problem which has received much attention in the past. Most previous work has, however, made an explicit or implicit assumption of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Patrik O. Hoyer , Shohei Shimizu , Antti J. Kerminen

We provide explicit, finite-sample guarantees for learning causal representations from data with a sublinear number of environments. Causal representation learning seeks to provide a rigourous foundation for the general representation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-30 Inbeom Lee , Tongtong Jin , Bryon Aragam

Causal representation learning aims to unveil latent high-level causal representations from observed low-level data. One of its primary tasks is to provide reliable assurance of identifying these latent causal models, known as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Yuhang Liu , Zhen Zhang , Dong Gong , Mingming Gong , Biwei Huang , Anton van den Hengel , Kun Zhang , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Probabilities of causation are fundamental to individual-level explanation and decision making, yet they are inherently counterfactual and not point-identifiable from data in general. Existing bounds either disregard available covariates,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yuxuan Xie , Ang Li

Identifying latent variables and causal structures from observational data is essential to many real-world applications involving biological data, medical data, and unstructured data such as images and languages. However, this task can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Lingjing Kong , Biwei Huang , Feng Xie , Eric Xing , Yuejie Chi , Kun Zhang

In some areas of knowledge there are data representing directions restricted to a specific range of values. Consequently, it is useful to have models for describing variables defined in subsets of the k-dimensional unit sphere. This need…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-17 Joel Montesinos-Vazquez , Gabriel Núñez-Antonio

This article presents an identification methodology to capture general relationships, with application to piecewise nonlinear approximations of model predictive control for constrained (non)linear systems. The mathematical formulation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-01-06 Van-Vuong Trinh , Mazen Alamir , Patrick Bonnay

Causal intervention is an essential tool in causal inference. It is axiomatized under the rules of do-calculus in the case of structure causal models. We provide simple axiomatizations for families of probability distributions to be…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-15 Kayvan Sadeghi , Terry Soo

The problem of inferring the direct causal parents of a response variable among a large set of explanatory variables is of high practical importance in many disciplines. Recent work exploits stability of regression coefficients or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-07 Anant Raj , Luigi Gresele , Michel Besserve , Bernhard Schölkopf , Stefan Bauer

We provide a scheme for inferring causal relations from uncontrolled statistical data based on tools from computational algebraic geometry, in particular, the computation of Groebner bases. We focus on causal structures containing just two…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-18 Ciarán M. Lee , Robert W. Spekkens

Maximizing a target variable as an operational objective within a structural causal model is a fundamental problem. Causal Bayesian Optimization (CBO) approaches typically achieve this either by performing interventions that modify the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Shaogang Ren , Zihao Wang , Yuzhou Chen , Xiaoning Qian

Here we introduce Partially Observed Structural Causal Models (POSCMs) that formalize causal systems where latent contexts co-determine both the interaction structure and downstream mechanisms on observed variables. POSCMs provide an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Turan Orujlu , Jordan Matelsky , Martin V. Butz , Charley M. Wu , Konrad P. Kording

We develop algorithms for inner approximating the cone of positive semidefinite matrices via linear programming and second order cone programming. Starting with an initial linear algebraic approximation suggested recently by Ahmadi and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-03-14 Amir Ali Ahmadi , Sanjeeb Dash , Georgina Hall

We present a formulation of the problem of probabilistic model checking as one of query evaluation over probabilistic logic programs. To the best of our knowledge, our formulation is the first of its kind, and it covers a rich class of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-04-24 Andrey Gorlin , C. R. Ramakrishnan , Scott A. Smolka

This paper provides a general identification approach for a wide range of nonlinear panel data models, including binary choice, ordered response, and other types of limited dependent variable models. Our approach accommodates dynamic models…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-09 Wayne Yuan Gao , Rui Wang

Phylogenetic trees describe the relationships between species in the evolutionary process, and provide information about the rates of diversification. To understand the mechanisms behind macroevolution, we consider a class of multitype…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-07 Mingqi He , Sophie Hautphenne , Yao-ban Chan

Real-world decision-making problems often involve decision-dependent uncertainty, where the probability distribution of the random vector depends on the model decisions. Few studies focus on two-stage stochastic programs with this type of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Maria Bazotte , Margarida Carvalho , Thibaut Vidal