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Quantum error correction (QEC) and fault-tolerant (FT) mechanisms are essential for reliable quantum computing. However, QEC considerably increases the computation size up to four orders of magnitude. Moreover, FT implementation has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-20 L. Lao , B. van Wee , I. Ashraf , J. van Someren , N. Khammassi , K. Bertels , C. G. Almudever

Neutral-atom quantum computing (NAQC) offers distinct advantages such as dynamic qubit reconfigurability, long coherence times, and high gate fidelities, making it a promising platform for scalable quantum computing. Despite these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 Dingchao Gao , Yongming Li , Shenggang Ying , Sanjiang Li

Hybridizing different physical systems or degrees of freedom offers significant advantages for realizing practical, universal, scalable, and fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC). Here, we propose optical FTQC schemes with low squeezing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-27 Peilin Du

The construction of a quantum computer remains a fundamental scientific and technological challenge, in particular due to unavoidable noise. Quantum states and operations can be protected from errors using protocols for fault-tolerant…

Typically, fault-tolerant operations and code concatenation are reserved for quantum error correction due to their resource overhead. Here, we show that fault tolerant operations have a large impact on the performance of symmetry based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-19 Alvin Gonzales , Anjala M Babu , Ji Liu , Zain Saleem , Mark Byrd

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for building scalable quantum computers, but a lack of systematic, end-to-end evaluation methods makes it difficult to assess how different QEC codes perform under realistic conditions. The vast…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Aleksandra Świerkowska , Jannik Pflieger , Emmanouil Giortamis , Pramod Bhatotia

Large-scale quantum computers have the potential to hold computational capabilities beyond conventional computers for certain problems. However, the physical qubits within a quantum computer are prone to noise and decoherence, which must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-06 Luka Skoric , Dan E. Browne , Kenton M. Barnes , Neil I. Gillespie , Earl T. Campbell

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) codes form the foundation of Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing (FTQC) and predominantly use the Clifford+T gate set. Recently, Clifford operations have become the key performance bottleneck in implementing QEC.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Meng Wang , Chenxu Liu , Samuel Stein , Yufei Ding , Poulami Das , Prashant J. Nair , Ang Li

The advent of fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) promises to tackle classically intractable problems. A key milestone is solving the Navier-Stokes equations (NSE), which has remained formidable for quantum algorithms due to their high…

Quantum error correction is an important ingredient for scalable quantum computing. Stabilizer codes are one of the most promising and straightforward ways to correct quantum errors, are convenient for logical operations, and improve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-07 Ilya. A. Simakov , Ilya. S. Besedin

Quantum computers must meet extremely stringent qualitative and quantitative requirements on their qubits in order to solve real-life problems. Quantum circuit fragmentation techniques divide a large quantum circuit into a number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-25 Saikat Basu , Arnav Das , Amit Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti , Susmita Sur-Kolay

Recent advances in quantum hardware and quantum error correction (QEC) have set the stage for early demonstrations of fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). A key near-term goal is to build a system capable of executing millions of…

Near-term quantum systems tend to be noisy. Crosstalk noise has been recognized as one of several major types of noises in superconducting Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. Crosstalk arises from the concurrent execution of…

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes can achieve high encoding rates and good code distance scaling, providing a promising route to low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, the long-range connectivity required to…

Quantum processors are being integrated into HPC ecosystems as co-processors, where compilation of quantum circuits into hardware-executable form determines both output fidelity and runtime. Current compilers use a fixed pass sequence and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Mohammad Abrarul Hasanat , Jason Ludmir , Tirthak Patel , Rohan Basu Roy

Neutral atom technologies have opened the door to novel theoretical advances in surface-code protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC), offering a compelling alternative to lattice surgery by leveraging transversal gates.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Shinichi Sunami , Akihisa Goban , Hayata Yamasaki

A quantum processing unit (QPU) must contain a large number of high quality qubits to produce accurate results for problems at useful scales. In contrast, most scientific and industry classical computation workloads happen in parallel on…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Wei Tang , Margaret Martonosi

Quantum computing promises disruptive capabilities, yet its energy footprint has received far less attention than its asymptotic speedups. We present a first-order, full-system energy model for quantum computing in an high performance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Siyuan Niu , Di Wu , Ozgur Ozan Kilic , Kwangmin Yu

With gate error rates in multiple technologies now below the threshold required for fault-tolerant quantum computation, the major remaining obstacle to useful quantum computation is scaling, a challenge greatly amplified by the huge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Kianna Wan , Soonwon Choi , Isaac H. Kim , Noah Shutty , Patrick Hayden

The Quantum Computer Condition (QCC) provides a rigorous and completely general framework for carrying out analyses of questions pertaining to fault-tolerance in quantum computers. In this paper we apply the QCC to the problem of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gerald Gilbert , Michael Hamrick , F. Javier Thayer , Yaakov S. Weinstein