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Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) in a distributed manner poses significant challenges on resource-constrained edge networks. To address this challenge, we propose SflLLM, a novel framework that integrates split federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Kai Zhao , Zhaohui Yang , Ye Hu , Mingzhe Chen , Chen Zhu , Zhaoyang Zhang

Split learning (SL) addresses the limitation of running deep learning inference directly on low-power edge/IoT nodes, in which it executes part of the inference process on the sensor and offloading the remainder to a companion device.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Zied Jenhani , Mounir Bensalem , Jasenka Dizdarević , Admela Jukan

Accurate load forecasting is crucial for energy management, infrastructure planning, and demand-supply balancing. Smart meter data availability has led to the demand for sensor-based load forecasting. Conventional ML allows training a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Asif Iqbal , Prosanta Gope , Biplab Sikdar

The limited energy and computing resources of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) hinder the application of aerial artificial intelligence. The utilization of split inference in UAVs garners significant attention due to its effectiveness in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Chenxi Zhao , Min Sheng , Junyu Liu , Tianshu Chu , Jiandong Li

Split Federated Learning (SFL) has recently emerged as a promising distributed learning technology, leveraging the strengths of both federated and split learning. It emphasizes the advantages of rapid convergence while addressing privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Joohyung Lee , Mohamed Seif , Jungchan Cho , H. Vincent Poor

Solar sensor-based monitoring systems have become a crucial agricultural innovation, advancing farm management and animal welfare through integrating sensor technology, Internet-of-Things, and edge and cloud computing. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Dian Chen , Zelin Wan , Dong Sam Ha , Jin-Hee Cho

As a paradigm of distributed machine learning, federated learning typically requires all edge devices to train a complete model locally. However, with the increasing scale of artificial intelligence models, the limited resources on edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Junhe Zhang , Wanli Ni , Dongyu Wang

Federated Learning (FL) enables multiple devices to collaboratively train a shared model while preserving data privacy. Ever-increasing model complexity coupled with limited memory resources on the participating devices severely bottlenecks…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Chunlin Tian , Li Li , Kahou Tam , Yebo Wu , Chengzhong Xu

The significance of distributed learning and inference algorithms in Internet of Things (IoT) network is growing since they flexibly distribute computation load between IoT devices and the infrastructure, enhance data privacy, and minimize…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Vukan Ninkovic , Dejan Vukobratovic , Dragisa Miskovic , Marco Zennaro

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to minimize the inference delay in semantic segmentation using split learning (SL), tailored to the needs of real-time computer vision (CV) applications for resource-constrained devices. Semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Nikos G. Evgenidis , Nikos A. Mitsiou , Sotiris A. Tegos , Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis , George K. Karagiannidis

This paper introduces an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled network slicing problem to provide content delivery, sensing data gathering, and mobile edge computing (MEC) services. Three tenants provide services to their clients by sharing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Ahmed A. Al-habob , Octavia A. Dobre , Yindi Jing

SplitFed Learning (SFL) combines federated learning and split learning to enable collaborative training across distributed edge devices; however, it faces significant challenges in heterogeneous environments with diverse computational and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Abdullah Al Asif , Sixing Yu , Juan Pablo Munoz , Arya Mazaheri , Ali Jannesari

In the realm of the Internet of Things (IoT), deploying deep learning models to process data generated or collected by IoT devices is a critical challenge. However, direct data transmission can cause network congestion and inefficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Hengliang Tang , Zihang Zhao , Detian Liu , Yang Cao , Shiqiang Zhang , Siqing You

The rapid growth of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices has resulted in significant security risks, particularly the risk of malware attacks on resource-constrained devices. Conventional deep learning methods are impractical due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Siva Sai , Manish Prasad , Animesh Bhargava , Vinay Chamola , Rajkumar Buyya

In the rapidly evolving domain of satellite communications, integrating advanced machine learning techniques, particularly split learning, is crucial for enhancing data processing and model training efficiency across satellites, space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Jianfei Sun , Cong Wu , Shahid Mumtaz , Junyi Tao , Mingsheng Cao , Mei Wang , Valerio Frascolla

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on edge devices is challenging due to their limited memory and power resources. Cloud-only inference reduces device burden but introduces high latency and cost. Static edge-cloud partitions optimize a…

Federated edge learning (FEEL) is a promising distributed learning technique for next-generation wireless networks. FEEL preserves the user's privacy, reduces the communication costs, and exploits the unprecedented capabilities of edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Abdullatif Albaseer , Mohamed Abdallah , Ala Al-Fuqaha , Aiman Erbad

Split Computing (SC), where a Deep Neural Network (DNN) is intelligently split with a part of it deployed on an edge device and the rest on a remote server is emerging as a promising approach. It allows the power of DNNs to be leveraged for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Luigi Capogrosso , Enrico Fraccaroli , Samarjit Chakraborty , Franco Fummi , Marco Cristani

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) provides opportunities for the promotion of deep neural network (DNN)-based applications. However, the large amount of parameters and computational complexity of DNN makes it difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Ce Xu , Jinxuan Li , Yuan Liu , Yushi Ling , Miaowen Wen

Deep Neural Network (DNN) splitting is one of the key enablers of edge Artificial Intelligence (AI), as it allows end users to pre-process data and offload part of the computational burden to nearby Edge Cloud Servers (ECSs). This opens new…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-31 Francesco Binucci , Mattia Merluzzi , Paolo Banelli , Emilio Calvanese Strinati , Paolo Di Lorenzo