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The NPM ecosystem has become a primary target for software supply chain attacks, yet existing detection tools are evaluated in isolation on incompatible datasets, making cross-tool comparison unreliable. We conduct a benchmark-driven…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wenbo Guo , Zhongwen Chen , Zhengzi Xu , Chengwei Liu , Ming Kang , Shiwen Song , Chengyue Liu , Yijia Xu , Weisong Sun , Yang Liu

Encryption-based attacks have introduced significant challenges for detection mechanisms that rely on predefined signatures, heuristic indicators, or static rule-based classifications. Probabilistic Latent Encryption Mapping presents an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Mohammad Eisa , Quentin Yardley , Rafael Witherspoon , Harriet Pendlebury , Clement Rutherford

Machine Learning (ML) models have been utilized for malware detection for over two decades. Consequently, this ignited an ongoing arms race between malware authors and antivirus systems, compelling researchers to propose defenses for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Shoumik Saha , Wenxiao Wang , Yigitcan Kaya , Soheil Feizi , Tudor Dumitras

Machine-learning methods have already been exploited as useful tools for detecting malicious executable files. They leverage data retrieved from malware samples, such as header fields, instruction sequences, or even raw bytes, to learn…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Bojan Kolosnjaji , Ambra Demontis , Battista Biggio , Davide Maiorca , Giorgio Giacinto , Claudia Eckert , Fabio Roli

Malicious software, or malware, presents a continuously evolving challenge in computer security. These embedded snippets of code in the form of malicious files or hidden within legitimate files cause a major risk to systems with their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Rakshit Agrawal , Jack W. Stokes , Mady Marinescu , Karthik Selvaraj

We study algorithms in the resettable streaming model, where the value of each key can either be increased or reset to zero. The model is suitable for applications such as active resource monitoring with support for deletions and machine…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Edith Cohen , Elena Gribelyuk , Jelani Nelson , Uri Stemmer

As machine-learning (ML) based systems for malware detection become more prevalent, it becomes necessary to quantify the benefits compared to the more traditional anti-virus (AV) systems widely used today. It is not practical to build an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-14 William Fleshman , Edward Raff , Richard Zak , Mark McLean , Charles Nicholas

With the rapid technological advancements, organizations need to rapidly scale up their information technology (IT) infrastructure viz. hardware, software, and services, at a low cost. However, the dynamic growth in the network services and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Mahmoud Said Elsayed , Nhien-An Le-Khac , Soumyabrata Dev , Anca Delia Jurcut

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely deployed on real-world devices. Concerns regarding their security have gained great attention from researchers. Recently, a new weight modification attack called bit flip attack (BFA) was proposed,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Jianshuo Dong , Han Qiu , Yiming Li , Tianwei Zhang , Yuanjie Li , Zeqi Lai , Chao Zhang , Shu-Tao Xia

Modern machine learning increasingly requires training on a large collection of data from multiple sources, not all of which can be trusted. A particularly concerning scenario is when a small fraction of poisoned data changes the behavior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Jonathan Hayase , Weihao Kong , Raghav Somani , Sewoong Oh

Cross-site scripting (XSS) remains a persistent web security vulnerability, especially because obfuscation can change the surface form of a malicious payload while preserving its behavior. These transformations make it difficult for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Divyesh Gabbireddy , Suman Saha

Adversarial Malware Generation (AMG), the generation of adversarial malware variants to strengthen Deep Learning (DL)-based malware detectors has emerged as a crucial tool in the development of proactive cyberdefense. However, the majority…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Brian Etter , James Lee Hu , Mohammedreza Ebrahimi , Weifeng Li , Xin Li , Hsinchun Chen

Static feature-based Android malware detection using machine learning (ML) remains critical due to its scalability and efficiency. However, existing approaches often overlook security-critical reproducibility concerns, such as dataset…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Md Tanvirul Alam , Dipkamal Bhusal , Nidhi Rastogi

Open-source ecosystems such as NPM and PyPI are increasingly targeted by supply chain attacks, yet existing detection methods either depend on fragile handcrafted rules or data-driven features that fail to capture evolving attack semantics.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Wenbo Guo , Shiwen Song , Jiaxun Guo , Zhengzi Xu , Chengwei Liu , Haoran Ou , Mengmeng Ge , Yang Liu

In the rapidly evolving landscape of cybersecurity threats, ransomware represents a significant challenge. Attackers increasingly employ sophisticated encryption methods, such as entropy reduction through Base64 encoding, and partial or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Arash Mahboubi , Hamed Aboutorab , Seyit Camtepe , Hang Thanh Bui , Khanh Luong , Keyvan Ansari , Shenlu Wang , Bazara Barry

Machine learning is a popular approach to signatureless malware detection because it can generalize to never-before-seen malware families and polymorphic strains. This has resulted in its practical use for either primary detection engines…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Hyrum S. Anderson , Anant Kharkar , Bobby Filar , David Evans , Phil Roth

A method for detecting electronic data theft from computer networks is described, capable of recognizing patterns of remote exfiltration occurring over days to weeks. Normal traffic flow data, in the form of a host's ingress and egress…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Brian A. Powell

Detecting encryption-driven cyber threats remains a large challenge due to the evolving techniques employed to evade traditional detection mechanisms. An entropy-based computational framework was introduced to analyze multi-domain system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Michael Mannon , Evan Statham , Quentin Featherstone , Sebastian Arkwright , Clive Fenwick , Gareth Willoughby

Physical side-channel attacks can compromise the security of integrated circuits. Most physical side-channel attacks (e.g., power or electromagnetic) exploit the dynamic behavior of a chip, typically manifesting as changes in current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Saleh Khalaj Monfared , Domenic Forte , Shahin Tajik

Although ransomware has received broad attention in media and research, this evolving threat vector still poses a systematic threat. Related literature has explored their detection using various approaches leveraging Machine and Deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Jan von der Assen , Chao Feng , Alberto Huertas Celdrán , Róbert Oleš , Gérôme Bovet , Burkhard Stiller