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In order to efficiently transmit and store speech signals, speech codecs create a minimally redundant representation of the input signal which is then decoded at the receiver with the best possible perceptual quality. In this work we…

Traditional low bit-rate speech coding approach only handles narrowband speech at 8kHz, which limits further improvements in speech quality. Motivated by recent successful exploration of deep learning methods for image and speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Gang Min , Xiongwei Zhang , Xia Zou , Xiangyang Liu

This paper proposes a novel framework for rate-adaptive semantic communication based on multi-stage vector quantization (VQ), termed \textit{MSVQ-SC}. Unlike conventional single-stage VQ approaches, which require exponentially larger…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Jinsung Park , Junyong Shin , Yongjeong Oh , Jihun Park , Yo-Seb Jeon

Recent advancements in end-to-end neural speech codecs enable compressing audio at extremely low bitrates while maintaining high-fidelity reconstruction. Meanwhile, low computational complexity and low latency are crucial for real-time…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Leyan Yang , Ronghui Hu , Yang Xu , Jing Lu

Recently, speech codecs based on neural networks have proven to perform better than traditional methods. However, redundancy in traditional parameter quantization is visible within the codec architecture of combining the traditional codec…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Youqiang Zheng , Li Xiao , Weiping Tu , Yuhong Yang , Xinmeng Xu

Generative adversarial network (GAN) models can synthesize highquality audio signals while ensuring fast sample generation. However, they are difficult to train and are prone to several issues including mode collapse and divergence. In this…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Teysir Baoueb , Haocheng Liu , Mathieu Fontaine , Jonathan Le Roux , Gael Richard

Speech codecs serve as a crucial bridge in unifying speech and text language models. Existing codec methods face several challenges in semantic encoding, such as residual paralinguistic information (e.g., timbre, emotion), insufficient…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-06 Chunyu Qiang , Haoyu Wang , Cheng Gong , Tianrui Wang , Ruibo Fu , Tao Wang , Ruilong Chen , Jiangyan Yi , Zhengqi Wen , Chen Zhang , Longbiao Wang , Jianwu Dang , Jianhua Tao

Recently, generative speech enhancement has garnered considerable interest; however, existing approaches are hindered by excessive complexity, limited efficiency, and suboptimal speech quality. To overcome these challenges, this paper…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fei Liu , Yang Ai

Neural audio codecs discretize speech via residual vector quantization (RVQ), forming a coarse-to-fine hierarchy across quantizers. While codec models have been explored for representation learning, their discrete structure remains…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Jinyang Wu , Zihan Pan , Qiquan Zhang , Sailor Hardik Bhupendra , Soumik Mondal

In low-bitrate speech coding, end-to-end speech coding networks aim to learn compact yet expressive features and a powerful decoder in a single network. A challenging problem as such results in unwelcome complexity increase and inferior…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-16 Haici Yang , Inseon Jang , Minje Kim

We describe our submitted system for the ZeroSpeech Challenge 2019. The current challenge theme addresses the difficulty of constructing a speech synthesizer without any text or phonetic labels and requires a system that can (1) discover…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Andros Tjandra , Berrak Sisman , Mingyang Zhang , Sakriani Sakti , Haizhou Li , Satoshi Nakamura

Neural Speech Codecs face a fundamental trade-off at low bitrates: preserving acoustic fidelity often compromises semantic richness. To address this, we introduce SACodec, a novel codec built upon an asymmetric dual-quantizer that employs…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Zhongren Dong , Bin Wang , Jing Han , Haotian Guo , Xiaojun Mo , Yimin Cao , Zixing Zhang

Diffusion-based audio and music generation models commonly perform generation by constructing an image representation of audio (e.g., a mel-spectrogram) and then convert it to audio using a phase reconstruction model or vocoder. Typical…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Ge Zhu , Juan-Pablo Caceres , Zhiyao Duan , Nicholas J. Bryan

Recent neural audio compression models often rely on residual vector quantization for high-fidelity coding, but using a fixed number of per-frame codebooks is suboptimal for the wide variability of audio content-especially for signals that…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xiangbo Wang , Wenbin Jiang , Jin Wang , Yubo You , Sheng Fang , Fei Wen

In recent years, large language models have achieved significant success in generative tasks related to speech, audio, music, and other signal domains. A crucial element of these models is the discrete acoustic codecs, which serve as an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-05 Shengpeng Ji , Minghui Fang , Jialong Zuo , Ziyue Jiang , Dingdong Wang , Hanting Wang , Hai Huang , Zhou Zhao

Neural speech codecs aim to compress input signals into minimal bits while maintaining content quality in a low-latency manner. However, existing neural codecs often trade model complexity for reconstruction performance. These codecs…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Yuzhe Gu , Enmao Diao

Discrete Audio codecs (or audio tokenizers) have recently regained interest due to the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to learn their compressed acoustic representations. Various publicly available trainable discrete tokenizers…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-14 Slava Shechtman , Avihu Dekel

Neural speech codecs have achieved strong performance in low-bitrate compression, but residual vector quantization (RVQ) often suffers from unstable training and ineffective decomposition, limiting reconstruction quality and efficiency. We…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiatong Shi , Haoran Wang , William Chen , Chenda Li , Wangyou Zhang , Jinchuan Tian , Shinji Watanabe

We present a new approach to disentangle speaker voice and phone content by introducing new components to the VQ-VAE architecture for speech synthesis. The original VQ-VAE does not generalize well to unseen speakers or content. To alleviate…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-11 Jennifer Williams , Yi Zhao , Erica Cooper , Junichi Yamagishi

Audio coding is an essential module in the real-time communication system. Neural audio codecs can compress audio samples with a low bitrate due to the strong modeling and generative capabilities of deep neural networks. To address the poor…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Wenzhe Liu , Wei Xiao , Meng Wang , Shan Yang , Yupeng Shi , Yuyong Kang , Dan Su , Shidong Shang , Dong Yu