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Specifying an Operational Design Domain (ODD) is crucial for safeguarding automated vehicle systems against conditions that exceed their capabilities. Yet, prior definitions of ODD have relied on ambiguous and unclear terms, resulting in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Ali Shakeri

[Context and motivation] For automated driving systems, the operational context needs to be known in order to state guarantees on performance and safety. The operational design domain (ODD) is an abstraction of the operational context, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Hans-Martin Heyn , Padmini Subbiash , Jennifer Linder , Eric Knauss , Olof Eriksson

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been on the rise in many domains, including numerous safety-critical applications. However, for complex systems in the real world, defining the underlying environmental conditions in which the AI-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Johann Maximilian Christensen , Elena Hoemann , Frank Köster , Sven Hallerbach

The validation of highly automated, perception-based driving systems must ensure that they function correctly under the full range of real-world conditions. Scenario-based testing is a prominent approach to addressing this challenge, as it…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Steffen Schäfer , Martin Cichon

Over the last few years, research on autonomous systems has matured to such a degree that the field is increasingly well-positioned to translate research into practical, stakeholder-driven use cases across well-defined domains. However, for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Berkehan Ünal , Hauke Dierend , Dren Fazlija , Christopher Plachetka

Ensuring reliable performance in situations outside the Operational Design Domain (ODD) remains a primary challenge in devising resilient autonomous systems. We explore this challenge by introducing an approach for adapting probabilistic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Gricel Vázquez , Calum Imrie , Sepeedeh Shahbeigi , Nawshin Mannan Proma , Tian Gan , Victoria J Hodge , John Molloy , Simos Gerasimou

Engineering long-running computing systems that achieve their goals under ever-changing conditions pose significant challenges. Self-adaptation has shown to be a viable approach to dealing with changing conditions. Yet, the capabilities of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Danny Weyns , Jesper Andersson

The agricultural sector increasingly relies on autonomous systems that operate in complex and variable environments. Unlike on-road applications, agricultural automation integrates driving and working processes, each of which imposes…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mirco Felske , Jannik Redenius , Georg Happich , Julius Schöning

This article discusses the concept of an Operational Design Domain (ODD) designed specifically for teleoperated road vehicles. For this purpose, the ODD concept designed for automated driving is adapted for teleoperation. As teleoperation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-29 Leon Johann Brettin , Nayel Fabian Salem , Ole Hans , Markus Maurer

While Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential for operational performance, its deployment in safety-critical domains such as aviation requires strict adherence to rigorous certification standards. Current EASA…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Thomas Stefani , Johann Maximilian Christensen , Elena Hoemann , Frank Köster , Sven Hallerbach

Operational Design Domains (ODDs) define the conditions under which an Automated Driving System (ADS) is allowed to operate, while Current Operational Domains (CODs) capture the actual runtime situation. Ensuring that a COD instance lies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Bassel Rafie , Christian Schindler , Andreas Rausch

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between operational design domains (ODD), automated driving SAE Levels, and Technology Readiness Level (TRL). The first highly automated vehicles, like robotaxis, are in commercial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Johannes Betz , Melina Lutwitzi , Steven Peters

This paper focuses on a Vision-based Landing task and presents the design and the validation of a dataset that would comply with the Operational Design Domain (ODD) of a Machine-Learning (ML) system. Relying on emerging certification…

The emergence of Connected, Cooperative, and Automated Mobility (CCAM) systems has significantly transformed the safety assessment landscape. Because they integrate automated vehicle functions beyond those managed by a human driver, new…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Martin Skoglund , Fredrik Warg , Anders Thoren , Sasikumar Punnekkat , Hans Hansson

In symbolic planning systems, the knowledge on the domain is commonly provided by an expert. Recently, an automatic abstraction procedure has been proposed in the literature to create a Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-22 Angelo Oddi , Riccardo Rasconi , Emilio Cartoni , Gabriele Sartor , Gianluca Baldassarre , Vieri Giuliano Santucci

In the recent years, there has been a rush towards highly autonomous systems operating in public environments, such as automated driving of road vehicles, passenger shuttle systems and mobile robots. These systems, operating in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Alexander Poddey , Tino Brade , Jan Erik Stellet , Wolfgang Branz

Nowadays many software development frameworks implement Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) as a mean of automating the test of interactive systems under construction. Automated testing helps to simulate user's action on the User Interface…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Thiago Rocha , Jean-Luc Hak , Marco Winckler

Domain-driven design (DDD) is a powerful design technique for architecting complex software systems. This paper introduces a prompting framework that automates core DDD activities through structured large language model (LLM) interactions.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Tobias Eisenreich , Husein Jusic , Stefan Wagner

Knowledge representation and reasoning has a long history of examining how knowledge can be formalized, interpreted, and semantically analyzed by machines. In the area of automated vehicles, recent advances suggest the ability to formalize…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Lukas Westhofen , Christian Neurohr , Martin Butz , Maike Scholtes , Michael Schuldes

Ontology authoring is a complex process, where commonly the automated reasoner is invoked for verification of newly introduced changes, therewith amounting to a time-consuming test-last approach. Test-Driven Development (TDD) for ontology…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-17 C. Maria Keet , Kieren Davies , Agnieszka Lawrynowicz
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