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Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at single-image tasks but struggle with multi-image understanding due to cross-modal misalignment, leading to hallucinations (context omission, conflation, and misinterpretation). Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xudong Li , Mengdan Zhang , Peixian Chen , Xiawu Zheng , Yan Zhang , Jingyuan Zheng , Yunhang Shen , Ke Li , Chaoyou Fu , Xing Sun , Rongrong Ji

State-of-the-art large multi-modal models (LMMs) face challenges when processing high-resolution images, as these inputs are converted into enormous visual tokens, many of which are irrelevant to the downstream task. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xinyu Huang , Yuhao Dong , Weiwei Tian , Bo Li , Rui Feng , Ziwei Liu

Spatial reasoning is a key capability in the field of artificial intelligence, especially crucial in areas such as robotics, computer vision, and natural language understanding. However, evaluating the ability of multimodal large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Rui Xu , Dakuan Lu , Zicheng Zhao , Xiaoyu Tan , Xintao Wang , Siyu Yuan , Jiangjie Chen , Yinghui Xu

Recent prosperity of text-to-image diffusion models, e.g. Stable Diffusion, has stimulated research to adapt them to 360-degree panorama generation. Prior work has demonstrated the feasibility of using conventional low-rank adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Jinhong Ni , Chang-Bin Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Jing Zhang

Robotic systems demand accurate and comprehensive 3D environment perception, requiring simultaneous capture of photo-realistic appearance (optical), precise layout shape (geometric), and open-vocabulary scene understanding (semantic).…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yinan Deng , Yufeng Yue , Jianyu Dou , Jingyu Zhao , Jiahui Wang , Yujie Tang , Yi Yang , Mengyin Fu

Vision-language models (VLMs) are essential to Embodied AI, enabling robots to perceive, reason, and act in complex environments. They also serve as the foundation for the recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. Yet most evaluations of…

We introduce MuirBench, a comprehensive benchmark that focuses on robust multi-image understanding capabilities of multimodal LLMs. MuirBench consists of 12 diverse multi-image tasks (e.g., scene understanding, ordering) that involve 10…

Vision Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate significant potential as embodied AI agents for various mobility applications. However, a standardized, closed-loop benchmark for evaluating their spatial reasoning and sequential decision-making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Weizhen Wang , Chenda Duan , Zhenghao Peng , Yuxin Liu , Bolei Zhou

Existing vision-language models (VLMs) are tailored for pinhole imagery, stitching multiple narrow field-of-view inputs to piece together a complete omni-scene understanding. Yet, such multi-view perception overlooks the holistic spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Weijia Fan , Ruiping Liu , Jiale Wei , Yufan Chen , Junwei Zheng , Zichao Zeng , Jiaming Zhang , Qiufu Li , Linlin Shen , Rainer Stiefelhagen

We propose Perceptual Taxonomy, a structured process of scene understanding that first recognizes objects and their spatial configurations, then infers task-relevant properties such as material, affordance, function, and physical attributes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Jonathan Lee , Xingrui Wang , Jiawei Peng , Luoxin Ye , Zehan Zheng , Tiezheng Zhang , Tao Wang , Wufei Ma , Siyi Chen , Yu-Cheng Chou , Prakhar Kaushik , Alan Yuille

Occlusion perception, a critical foundation for human-level spatial understanding, embodies the challenge of integrating visual recognition and reasoning. Though multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Zhaochen Liu , Kaiwen Gao , Shuyi Liang , Bin Xiao , Limeng Qiao , Lin Ma , Tingting Jiang

Multipanel images, commonly seen as web screenshots, posters, etc., pervade our daily lives. These images, characterized by their composition of multiple subfigures in distinct layouts, effectively convey information to people. Toward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Yue Fan , Jing Gu , Kaiwen Zhou , Qianqi Yan , Shan Jiang , Ching-Chen Kuo , Xinze Guan , Xin Eric Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in general spatial understanding and reasoning. However, their fine-grained spatial understanding and reasoning capabilities in complex urban scenarios have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jun Zhang , Jie Feng , Long Chen , Junhui Wang , Zhicheng Liu , Depeng Jin , Yong Li

In this work we present FreDSNet, a deep learning solution which obtains semantic 3D understanding of indoor environments from single panoramas. Omnidirectional images reveal task-specific advantages when addressing scene understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Bruno Berenguel-Baeta , Jesus Bermudez-Cameo , Jose J. Guerrero

While large multimodal models (LMMs) have demonstrated strong performance across various Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks, certain challenges require complex multi-step reasoning to reach accurate answers. One particularly challenging…

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly enhanced their ability to integrate visual and linguistic information, achieving near-human proficiency in tasks like object recognition, captioning, and visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zhikai Wang , Jiashuo Sun , Wenqi Zhang , Zhiqiang Hu , Xin Li , Fan Wang , Deli Zhao

The rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has unlocked the potential for enhanced 3D scene understanding and spatial reasoning. A recent line of work explores learning spatial reasoning directly from multi-view images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kanghee Lee , Injae Lee , Minseok Kwak , Jungi Hong , Kwonyoung Ryu , Jaesik Park

Omnidirectional vision, using 360-degree vision to understand the environment, has become increasingly critical across domains like robotics, industrial inspection, and environmental monitoring. Compared to traditional pinhole vision,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Xu Zheng , Chenfei Liao , Ziqiao Weng , Kaiyu Lei , Zihao Dongfang , Haocong He , Yuanhuiyi Lyu , Lutao Jiang , Lu Qi , Li Chen , Danda Pani Paudel , Kailun Yang , Linfeng Zhang , Luc Van Gool , Xuming Hu

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and reasoning about visual content, but significant challenges persist in tasks requiring cross-viewpoint understanding and spatial reasoning. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Dingming Li , Hongxing Li , Zixuan Wang , Yuchen Yan , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Guiyang Hou , Shengpei Jiang , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu , Yueting Zhuang

With enhanced capabilities and widespread applications, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly required to process and reason over multiple images simultaneously. However, existing MLLM benchmarks focus either on…