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The rapid growth of machine learning is increasingly constrained by the energy and bandwidth limits of classical hardware. Optical and quantum technologies offer an alternative route, enabling high-dimensional, parallel information…

Optical neural networks (ONNs) have been developed to enhance processing speed and energy efficiency in machine learning by leveraging optical devices for nonlinear activation and establishing connections among neurons. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Chuanzhou Zhu , Tianyu Wang , Peter L. McMahon , Daniel Soh

Physically motivated quantum algorithms for specific near-term quantum hardware will likely be the next frontier in quantum information science. Here, we show how many of the features of neural networks for machine learning can naturally be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-21 Gregory R. Steinbrecher , Jonathan P. Olson , Dirk Englund , Jacques Carolan

One of the fastest growing areas of interest in quantum computing is its use within machine learning methods, in particular through the application of quantum kernels. Despite this large interest, there exist very few proposals for relevant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-12 Cassandra Bowie , Sally Shrapnel , Michael Kewming

The optical neural network (ONN) is a promising hardware platform for next-generation neuromorphic computing due to its high parallelism, low latency, and low energy consumption. However, previous integrated photonic tensor cores (PTCs)…

Large machine learning models based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with rapidly increasing number of parameters, trained with massive amounts of data, are being deployed in a wide array of computer vision tasks from self-driving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Rishab Parthasarathy , Rohan Bhowmik

Continuous-variables (CV) quantum optics is a natural formalism for neural networks (NNs) due to its ability to reproduce the information processing of such trainable interconnected systems. In quantum optics, Gaussian operators induce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Todor Krasimirov-Ivanov , Alba Cervera-Lierta , Paolo Stornati , Federico Centrone

Parametrized quantum circuits are essential components of variational quantum algorithms. Until now, optical implementations of these circuits have relied solely on adjustable linear optical units. In this study, we demonstrate that using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 E. A. Chernykh , M. Yu. Saygin , G. I. Struchalin , S. P. Kulik , S. S. Straupe

The promise of artificial intelligence (AI) to process complex datasets has brought about innovative computing paradigms. While recent developments in quantum-photonic computing have reached significant feats, mimicking our brain's ability…

Optics · Physics 2021-11-23 Vincent R. Daria

The energy consumption of neural network inference has become a topic of paramount importance with the growing success and adoption of deep neural networks. Analog optical neural networks (ONNs) can reduce the energy of matrix-vector…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Marc Gong Bacvanski , Sri Krishna Vadlamani , Kfir Sulimany , Dirk Robert Englund

The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect, an effective two-photon interference phenomenon, is a cornerstone of quantum optics and a key tool for linear optical quantum information processing. While the HOM effect has been extensively studied both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Tareq Jaouni , Xuemei Gu , Mario Krenn , Alessio D'Errico , Ebrahim Karimi

The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is a quintessential process in various quantum information technologies and quantum optics applications. In this work, we investigate multi-photon interference, developing a model for the simultaneous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Noah Crum , Md Mehdi Hassan , Adrien Green , George Siopsis

We present a novel hybrid quantum-classical vision transformer architecture incorporating quantum orthogonal neural networks (QONNs) to enhance performance and computational efficiency in high-energy physics applications. Building on…

Classification is a central task in deep learning algorithms. Usually, images are first captured and then processed by a sequence of operations, of which the artificial neuron represents one of the fundamental units. This paradigm requires…

Quantum Information Processing, from cryptography to computation, based upon linear quantum optical circuit elements relies heavily on the ability offered by the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) Effect to route photons from separate input modes into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-23 Edwin E. Hach , Stefan F. Preble , Ali W. Elshaari , Paul M. Alsing , Michael L. Fanto

A fundamental element of quantum information processing with photonic qubits is the nonclassical quantum interference between two photons when they bunch together via the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect. Ultimately, many such pure photons must…

The Hong--Ou--Mandel (HOM) effect is often introduced through a single benchmark: coincidence suppression for \(\ket{1}\otimes\ket{1}\) at a balanced beam splitter. We present a classroom-oriented instructional module that broadens this…

Physics Education · Physics 2026-05-28 Melissa Coronado Arrieta , Boris Kiefer

While classical convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have revolutionized image classification, the emergence of quantum computing presents new opportunities for enhancing neural network architectures. Quantum CNNs (QCNNs) leverage quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-16 Peter Röseler , Oliver Schaudt , Helmut Berg , Christian Bauckhage , Matthias Koch

Nonlocal quantum correlation has been the main issue of quantum mechanics over the last century. The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect relates to the two-photon intensity correlation on a beam splitter, resulting in a nonclassical photon-bunching…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-04 B. S. Ham

Linear optical architectures have been extensively investigated for quantum computing and quantum machine learning applications. Recently, proposals for photonic quantum machine learning have combined linear optics with resource adaptivity,…

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