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Vision Language Models (VLMs) can produce unintended and harmful content when exposed to adversarial attacks, particularly because their vision capabilities create new vulnerabilities. Existing defenses, such as input preprocessing,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Han Wang , Gang Wang , Huan Zhang

As vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed in open-world scenarios, they can be easily induced by visual jailbreak attacks to generate harmful content, posing serious risks to model safety and trustworthy usage. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xingyu Zhu , Beier Zhu , Shuo Wang , Junfeng Fang , Kesen Zhao , Hanwang Zhang , Xiangnan He

Safeguarding vision-language models (VLMs) is a critical challenge, as existing methods often suffer from over-defense, which harms utility, or rely on shallow alignment, failing to detect complex threats that require deep reasoning. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Nanxi Li , Zhengyue Zhao , G. Edward Suh , Marco Pavone , Chaowei Xiao

Safety prompts constitute an interpretable layer of defense against jailbreak attacks in vision-language models (VLMs); however, their efficacy is constrained by the models' latent structural responsiveness. We observe that such prompts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Chongxin Li , Hanzhang Wang , Lian Duan

As the capabilities of Vision Language Models (VLMs) continue to improve, they are increasingly targeted by jailbreak attacks. Existing defense methods face two major limitations: (1) they struggle to ensure safety without compromising the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xiyu Zeng , Siyuan Liang , Liming Lu , Haotian Zhu , Enguang Liu , Jisheng Dang , Yongbin Zhou , Shuchao Pang

Despite significant progress in alignment, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks that elicit harmful behaviors. Activation steering techniques offer a promising inference-time intervention approach, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Quy-Anh Dang , Chris Ngo

This work introduces SteerVLM, a lightweight steering module designed to guide Vision-Language Models (VLMs) towards outputs that better adhere to desired instructions. Our approach learns from the latent embeddings of paired prompts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Anushka Sivakumar , Andrew Zhang , Zaber Hakim , Chris Thomas

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) exhibit impressive performance, yet the integration of powerful vision encoders has significantly broadened their attack surface, rendering them increasingly susceptible to jailbreak attacks. However, lacking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Jiaxin Song , Yixu Wang , Jie Li , Rui Yu , Yan Teng , Xingjun Ma , Yingchun Wang

Researchers have been studying approaches to steer the behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs) and build personalized LLMs tailored for various applications. While fine-tuning seems to be a direct solution, it requires substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Yuanpu Cao , Tianrong Zhang , Bochuan Cao , Ziyi Yin , Lu Lin , Fenglong Ma , Jinghui Chen

Benefiting from the powerful capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), pre-trained visual encoder models connected to LLMs form Vision Language Models (VLMs). However, recent research shows that the visual modality in VLMs is highly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Zhendong Liu , Yuanbi Nie , Yingshui Tan , Jiaheng Liu , Xiangyu Yue , Qiushi Cui , Chongjun Wang , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

Vision-language models (VLMs) have become central to tasks such as visual question answering, image captioning, and text-to-image generation. However, their outputs are highly sensitive to prompt variations, which can reveal vulnerabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Aarush Noheria , Yuguang Yao

Vision-language models (VLMs) have recently emerged as powerful representation learning systems that align visual observations with natural language concepts, offering new opportunities for semantic reasoning in safety-critical autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ross Greer , Maitrayee Keskar , Angel Martinez-Sanchez , Parthib Roy , Shashank Shriram , Mohan Trivedi

The increasing sophistication of large vision-language models (LVLMs) has been accompanied by advances in safety alignment mechanisms designed to prevent harmful content generation. However, these defenses remain vulnerable to sophisticated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Quanchen Zou , Zonghao Ying , Moyang Chen , Wenzhuo Xu , Yisong Xiao , Yakai Li , Deyue Zhang , Dongdong Yang , Zhao Liu , Xiangzheng Zhang

Vision Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly being used in a broad range of applications, bringing their security and behavioral control to the forefront. While existing approaches for behavioral control or output redirection, like system…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Mansi Phute , Ravikumar Balakrishnan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across diverse natural language processing tasks, but their growing power also amplifies potential risks such as jailbreak attacks that circumvent built-in safety mechanisms.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Qinjian Zhao , Jiaqi Wang , Zhiqiang Gao , Zhihao Dou , Belal Abuhaija , Kaizhu Huang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across a wide range of multimodal tasks. However, their integration of visual inputs introduces expanded attack surfaces, thereby exposing them to novel security…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Juan Ren , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

Despite their superb capabilities, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been shown to be vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. While recent jailbreaks have achieved notable progress, their effectiveness and efficiency can still be improved. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yunhan Zhao , Xiang Zheng , Xingjun Ma

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have gained considerable prominence in recent years due to their remarkable capability to effectively integrate and process both textual and visual information. This integration has significantly enhanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Aobotao Dai , Xinyu Ma , Lei Chen , Songze Li , Lin Wang

Aligning Vision-Language Models (VLMs) with safety standards is essential to mitigate risks arising from their multimodal complexity, where integrating vision and language unveils subtle threats beyond the reach of conventional safeguards.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Menglan Chen , Xianghe Pang , Jingjing Dong , WenHao Wang , Yaxin Du , Siheng Chen

As large language models (LLMs) become more integrated into societal systems, the risk of them perpetuating and amplifying harmful biases becomes a critical safety concern. Traditional methods for mitigating bias often rely on data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Shivam Dubey
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