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Sustainability and efficiency have become essential considerations in the development and deployment of Artificial Intelligence systems, but existing regulatory practices for Green AI still lack standardized, model-agnostic evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Jorge Paz-Ruza , João Gama , Amparo Alonso-Betanzos , Bertha Guijarro-Berdiñas

Due to increased computing use, data centers consume and emit a lot of energy and carbon. These contributions are expected to rise as big data analytics, digitization, and large AI models grow and become major components of daily working…

The carbon footprint of algorithms must be measured and transparently reported so computer scientists can take an honest and active role in environmental sustainability. In this paper, we take analyses usually applied at the industrial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Kadan Lottick , Silvia Susai , Sorelle A. Friedler , Jonathan P. Wilson

As AI/ML models, including Large Language Models, continue to scale with massive datasets, so does their consumption of undeniably limited natural resources, and impact on society. In this collaboration between AI, Sustainability, HCI and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Eva Thelisson , Grzegorz Mika , Quentin Schneiter , Kirtan Padh , Himanshu Verma

This thesis investigates dataset downsampling as a strategy to optimize energy efficiency in recommender systems while maintaining competitive performance. With increasing dataset sizes posing computational and environmental challenges,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Ardalan Arabzadeh

Over the years, the chip industry has consistently developed high-performance processors to address the increasing demands across diverse applications. However, the rapid expansion of chip production has significantly increased carbon…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jiajun Hu , Chetan Choppali Sudarshan , Vidya A. Chhabria , Aman Arora

Deep learning applications at the network edge lead to a significant growth in AI-related carbon emissions, presenting a critical sustainability challenge. The existing edge computing frameworks optimize for latency and throughput, but they…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Guilin Zhang , Wulan Guo , Ziqi Tan , Chuanyi Sun , Hailong Jiang

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges for sustainable economic development. While AI offers transformative potential for addressing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Anas ALsobeh , Raneem Alkurdi

The evaluation of Deep Learning models has traditionally focused on criteria such as accuracy, F1 score, and related measures. The increasing availability of high computational power environments allows the creation of deeper and more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Yinlena Xu , Silverio Martínez-Fernández , Matias Martinez , Xavier Franch

Sustainability encompasses three key facets: economic, environmental, and social. However, the nascent discourse that is emerging on sustainable artificial intelligence (AI) has predominantly focused on the environmental sustainability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Pedram Bakhtiarifard , Pınar Tözün , Christian Igel , Raghavendra Selvan

Autonomy and electrification in automotive control systems have made modern-day powertrains one of the most complex cyber-physical systems. This paper presents a benchmark algorithm to quantify the performance of complex automotive systems…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-04 Hamza Anwar , Aashrith Vishwanath , Apurva Chunodkar , Qadeer Ahmed

Sustainability or ESG rating agencies use company disclosures and external data to produce scores or ratings that assess the environmental, social, and governance performance of a company. However, sustainability ratings across agencies for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Xiaoran Cai , Wang Yang , Xiyu Ren , Chekun Law , Rohit Sharma , Peng Qi

In this paper, we first clarify the concepts of green AI versus frugal AI, positioning frugality as efficiency by design and green AI as transparency and accountability. We then argue that these approaches, while complementary, are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Farzaneh Pourahmadi , Olivier Corradi , Pierre Pinson

Artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly influences critical decision-making across sectors. Federated Learning (FL), as a privacy-preserving collaborative AI paradigm, not only enhances data protection but also holds significant promise…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Chao Feng , Alberto Huertas Celdran , Pedro Miguel Sanchez Sanchez , Lynn Zumtaugwald , Gerome Bovet , Burkhard Stiller

In the context of Industry 4.0, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning for anomaly detection is being hampered by high computational requirements and associated environmental effects. This study seeks to address the…

In recent years, deep learning systems have shown a concerning trend toward increased complexity and higher energy consumption. As researchers in this domain and organizers of one of the Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-18 Francesca Ronchini , Romain Serizel

Hybrid intelligence aims to enhance decision-making, problem-solving, and overall system performance by combining the strengths of both, human cognitive abilities and artificial intelligence. With the rise of Large Language Models (LLM),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Daniel Geissler , Paul Lukowicz

In financial applications, regulations or best practices often lead to specific requirements in machine learning relating to four key pillars: fairness, privacy, interpretability and greenhouse gas emissions. These all sit in the broader…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Roberto Pagliari , Peter Hill , Po-Yu Chen , Maciej Dabrowny , Tingsheng Tan , Francois Buet-Golfouse

Deep learning has become widely used in complex AI applications. Yet, training a deep neural network (DNNs) model requires a considerable amount of calculations, long running time, and much energy. Nowadays, many-core AI accelerators (e.g.,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Yuxin Wang , Qiang Wang , Shaohuai Shi , Xin He , Zhenheng Tang , Kaiyong Zhao , Xiaowen Chu

The growth of machine learning (ML) models and associated datasets triggers a consequent dramatic increase in energy costs for the use and training of these models. In the current context of environmental awareness and global sustainability…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Gwendal Jouneaux , Jordi Cabot