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Mobile app user interfaces (UIs) are rich with action, text, structure, and image content that can be utilized to learn generic UI representations for tasks like automating user commands, summarizing content, and evaluating the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Andrea Burns , Kate Saenko , Bryan A. Plummer

With the rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), an increasing number of studies have leveraged LLMs as the cognitive core of agents to address complex task decision-making challenges. Specially, recent research has demonstrated…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Di Zhao , Longhui Ma , Siwei Wang , Miao Wang , Zhao Lv

Mobile GUI agents show promise in automating tasks but face generalization challenges in diverse real-world scenarios. Traditional approaches using pre-training or fine-tuning with massive datasets struggle with the diversity of mobile…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Guangyi Liu , Pengxiang Zhao , Liang Liu , Zhiming Chen , Yuxiang Chai , Shuai Ren , Hao Wang , Shibo He , Wenchao Meng

Graphical User Interface (GUI) task automation constitutes a critical frontier in artificial intelligence research. While effective GUI agents synergistically integrate planning and grounding capabilities, current methodologies exhibit two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yuan Zhao , Hualei Zhu , Tingyu Jiang , Shen Li , Xiaohang Xu , Hao Henry Wang

We present MUG, a novel interactive task for multimodal grounding where a user and an agent work collaboratively on an interface screen. Prior works modeled multimodal UI grounding in one round: the user gives a command and the agent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Tao Li , Gang Li , Jingjie Zheng , Purple Wang , Yang Li

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have powered Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents, showing promise in automating tasks on computing devices. Recent works have begun exploring reasoning in GUI tasks with encouraging results.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yuhang Liu , Pengxiang Li , Congkai Xie , Xavier Hu , Xiaotian Han , Shengyu Zhang , Hongxia Yang , Fei Wu

The rapid advancement of large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has propelled the development of pure-vision-based GUI Agents, capable of perceiving and operating Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) to autonomously fulfill user instructions.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Chenyu Yang , Shiqian Su , Shi Liu , Xuan Dong , Yue Yu , Weijie Su , Xuehui Wang , Zhaoyang Liu , Jinguo Zhu , Hao Li , Wenhai Wang , Yu Qiao , Xizhou Zhu , Jifeng Dai

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents adopt an end-to-end paradigm that maps a screenshot to an action sequence, thereby automating repetitive tasks in virtual environments. However, existing GUI agents are evaluated almost exclusively on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Chunyi Li , Longfei Li , Zicheng Zhang , Xiaohong Liu , Min Tang , Weisi Lin , Guangtao Zhai

Mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents aim to autonomously complete tasks within or across apps based on user instructions. While recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enable these agents to interpret UI screens and perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Linqiang Guo , Wei Liu , Yi Wen Heng , Tse-Hsun , Chen , Yang Wang

Modern GUI agents typically rely on a model-centric and step-wise interaction paradigm, where LLMs must re-interpret the UI and re-decide actions at every screen, which is fragile in long-horizon tasks. In this paper, we propose Executable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zerui Qin , Sheng Yue , Xingyuan Hua , Yongjian Fu , Ju Ren

In the field of AI-driven human-GUI interaction automation, while rapid advances in multimodal large language models and reinforcement fine-tuning techniques have yielded remarkable progress, a fundamental challenge persists: their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shaojie Zhang , Ruoceng Zhang , Pei Fu , Shaokang Wang , Jiahui Yang , Xin Du , Shiqi Cui , Bin Qin , Ying Huang , Zhenbo Luo , Jian Luan

This survey paper examines the recent advancements in AI agent implementations, with a focus on their ability to achieve complex goals that require enhanced reasoning, planning, and tool execution capabilities. The primary objectives of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Tula Masterman , Sandi Besen , Mason Sawtell , Alex Chao

Autonomous mobile GUI agents have attracted increasing attention along with the advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, existing methods still suffer from inefficient learning from failed trajectories and ambiguous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Zichuan Lin , Feiyu Liu , Yijun Yang , Jiafei Lyu , Yiming Gao , Yicheng Liu , Zhicong Lu , Yangbin Yu , Mingyu Yang , Junyou Li , Deheng Ye , Jie Jiang

GUI agents are rapidly becoming a new interaction to software, allowing people to navigate web, desktop and mobile rather than execute them click by click. Yet ``agent'' is described with radically different degrees of autonomy, obscuring…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Sidong Feng , Chunyang Chen

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have emerged as a promising paradigm for intelligent systems that perceive and interact with graphical interfaces visually. Yet supervised fine-tuning alone cannot handle long-horizon credit assignment,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Junan Hu , Jian Liu , Jingxiang Lai , Jiarui Hu , Yiwei Sheng , Shuang Chen , Jian Li , Dazhao Du , Song Guo

Evaluating GUI agents presents a distinct challenge: trajectories are long, visually grounded, and open-ended, yet evaluation must be both accurate and interpretable. Existing approaches typically apply a single holistic judgment over the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yuwen Zhai , Runze Li , Liang Wang , Nian Shi , Liwu Xu , Wei Zhang , Ran Lin , Bo Xu , Benlei Cui

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has catalyzed a transformative shift in artificial intelligence, paving the way for advanced intelligent agents capable of sophisticated reasoning, robust perception, and versatile action across…

Mobile GUI agents have shown strong potential in real-world automation and practical applications. However, most existing agents remain reactive, making decisions mainly from current screen, which limits their performance on long-horizon…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yilin Cao , Yufeng Zhong , Zhixiong Zeng , Liming Zheng , Jing Huang , Haibo Qiu , Peng Shi , Wenji Mao , Wan Guanglu

For machine agents to successfully interact with humans in real-world settings, they will need to develop an understanding of human mental life. Intuitive psychology, the ability to reason about hidden mental variables that drive observable…

Mobile device agent based on Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) is becoming a popular application. In this paper, we introduce Mobile-Agent, an autonomous multi-modal mobile device agent. Mobile-Agent first leverages visual perception…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Junyang Wang , Haiyang Xu , Jiabo Ye , Ming Yan , Weizhou Shen , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Jitao Sang