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For many application areas A/B testing, which partitions users of a system into an A (control) and B (treatment) group to experiment between several application designs, enables Internet companies to optimize their services to the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Shuchi Chawla , Jason D. Hartline , Denis Nekipelov

In modern recommendation systems, the standard pipeline involves training machine learning models on historical data to predict user behaviors and improve recommendations continuously. However, these data training loops can introduce…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-08 Nian Si

Deep learning (DL)-based systems can exhibit unexpected behavior when exposed to out-of-distribution (OOD) scenarios, posing serious risks in safety-critical domains such as malware detection and autonomous driving. This underscores the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jingyu Zhang , Fan Wang , Jacky Keung , Yihan Liao , Yan Xiao , Lei Ma

Robot evaluations in language-guided, real world settings are time-consuming and often sample only a small space of potential instructions across complex scenes. In this work, we introduce contrast sets for robotics as an approach to make…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Abrar Anwar , Rohan Gupta , Jesse Thomason

Online controlled experiments, also known as A/B testing, are the digital equivalent of randomized controlled trials for estimating the impact of marketing campaigns on website visitors. Stratified sampling is a traditional technique for…

Targeted advertising platforms are widely used by job advertisers to reach potential employees; thus issues of discrimination due to targeting that have surfaced have received widespread attention. Advertisers could misuse targeting tools…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Varun Nagaraj Rao , Aleksandra Korolova

People frequently exposed to health information on social media tend to overestimate their symptoms during online self-diagnosis due to availability bias. This may lead to incorrect self-medication and place additional burdens on healthcare…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Junti Zhang , Zicheng Zhu , Jingshu Li , Yi-Chieh Lee

In an A/B test, the typical objective is to measure the total average treatment effect (TATE), which measures the difference between the average outcome if all users were treated and the average outcome if all users were untreated. However,…

Applications · Statistics 2020-04-28 David Holtz , Sinan Aral

Modern online experimentation faces two bottlenecks: scarce traffic forces tough choices on which variants to test, and post-hoc insight extraction is manual, inconsistent, and often content-agnostic. Meanwhile, organizations underuse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zhengmian Hu , Lei Shi , Ritwik Sinha , Justin Grover , David Arbour

Two-sided marketplaces are standard business models of many online platforms (e.g., Amazon, Facebook, LinkedIn), wherein the platforms have consumers, buyers or content viewers on one side and producers, sellers or content-creators on the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Preetam Nandy , Divya Venugopalan , Chun Lo , Shaunak Chatterjee

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable adaptability to diverse tasks, by leveraging context prompts containing instructions, or minimal input-output examples. However, recent work revealed they also exhibit label bias -- an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yuval Reif , Roy Schwartz

Practical news feed platforms generate a hybrid list of news articles and advertising items (e.g., products, services, or information) and many platforms optimize the position of news articles and advertisements independently. However, they…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Kojiro Iizuka , Yoshifumi Seki , Makoto P. Kato

Recommender systems have become an integral part of online platforms, providing personalized recommendations for purchases, content consumption, and interpersonal connections. These systems consist of two sides: the producer side comprises…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-08 Yan Wang , Shan Ba

Online user-generated content platforms allocate billions of dollars of promotional traffic through algorithms in two-sided marketplaces. To evaluate updates to these algorithms, platforms frequently rely on creator-side randomized…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-10 Ruohan Zhan , Shichao Han , Yuchen Hu , Zhenling Jiang

Classifieds provide many challenges for recommendation methods, due to the limited information regarding users and items. In this paper, we explore recommendation methods for classifieds using the example of OLX Jobs. The goal of the paper…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Robert Kwieciński , Agata Filipowska , Tomasz Górecki , Viacheslav Dubrov

We have seen a massive growth of online experiments at LinkedIn, and in industry at large. It is now more important than ever to create an intelligent A/B platform that can truly democratize A/B testing by allowing everyone to make quality…

Applications · Statistics 2018-08-02 Nanyu Chen , Min Liu , Ya Xu

Interleaving is an online evaluation approach for information retrieval systems that compares the effectiveness of ranking functions in interpreting the users' implicit feedback. Previous work such as Hofmann et al (2011) has evaluated the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Alessandro Benedetti , Anna Ruggero

A/B testing is ubiquitous within the machine learning and data science operations of internet companies. Generically, the idea is to perform a statistical test of the hypothesis that a new feature is better than the existing platform---for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-11 David Goldberg , James E. Johndrow

We study ratio metrics in A/B testing at the presence of correlation among observations coming from the same user and provides practical guidance especially when two metrics contradict each other. We propose new estimating methods to…

Applications · Statistics 2020-07-24 Keyu Nie , Yinfei Kong , Ted Tao Yuan , Pauline Berry Burke

Outcome Reporting Bias (ORB) poses significant threats to the validity of meta-analytic findings. It occurs when researchers selectively report outcomes based on the significance or direction of results, potentially leading to distorted…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-17 Alessandra Gaia Saracini , Leonhard Held