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Vision-language models (VLMs) are essential to Embodied AI, enabling robots to perceive, reason, and act in complex environments. They also serve as the foundation for the recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. Yet most evaluations of…

The rapid emergence of foundation models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs), has introduced a transformative paradigm in robotics. These models offer powerful capabilities in semantic understanding,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Muhammad Tayyab Khan , Ammar Waheed

The development of foundation models for embodied intelligence critically depends on access to large-scale, high-quality robot demonstration data. Recent approaches have sought to address this challenge by training on large collections of…

Humans can perceive and reason about spatial relationships from sequential visual observations, such as egocentric video streams. However, how pretrained models acquire such abilities, especially high-level reasoning, remains unclear. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Baining Zhao , Ziyou Wang , Jianjie Fang , Chen Gao , Fanhang Man , Jinqiang Cui , Xin Wang , Xinlei Chen , Yong Li , Wenwu Zhu

Embodied AI is widely recognized as a cornerstone of artificial general intelligence (AGI) because it involves controlling embodied agents to perform tasks in the physical world. Building on the success of large language models (LLMs) and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yueen Ma , Zixing Song , Yuzheng Zhuang , Jianye Hao , Irwin King

General-purpose robots need a versatile body and an intelligent mind. Recent advancements in humanoid robots have shown great promise as a hardware platform for building generalist autonomy in the human world. A robot foundation model,…

Embodied intelligence systems, which enhance agent capabilities through continuous environment interactions, have garnered significant attention from both academia and industry. Vision-Language-Action models, inspired by advancements in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Haoran Li , Yuhui Chen , Wenbo Cui , Weiheng Liu , Kai Liu , Mingcai Zhou , Zhengtao Zhang , Dongbin Zhao

Foundation models that incorporate language, vision, and more recently actions have revolutionized the ability to harness internet scale data to reason about useful tasks. However, one of the key challenges of training embodied foundation…

General-purpose robotic systems operating in open-world environments must achieve both broad generalization and high-precision action execution, a combination that remains challenging for existing Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. While…

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence is enabling the development of increasingly autonomous robots capable of operating beyond engineered factory settings and into the unstructured environments of human life. This shift raises a…

Recent progress in large-scale robotic datasets and vision-language models (VLMs) has advanced research on vision-language-action (VLA) models. However, existing VLA models still face two fundamental challenges: (i) producing precise…

Vision Language Action (VLA) models represent a transformative shift in robotics, with the aim of unifying visual perception, natural language understanding, and embodied control within a single learning framework. This review presents a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Muhayy Ud Din , Waseem Akram , Lyes Saad Saoud , Jan Rosell , Irfan Hussain

Physical intelligence holds immense promise for advancing embodied intelligence, enabling robots to acquire complex behaviors from demonstrations. However, achieving generalization and transfer across diverse robotic platforms and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Yu Zhao , Huxian Liu , Xiang Chen , Jiankai Sun , Jiahuan Yan , Luhui Hu

In this paper, we propose GTA-VLA(Guide, Think, Act), an interactive Vision-Language-Action (VLA) framework that enables spatially steerable embodied reasoning by allowing users to guide robot policies with explicit visual cues. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yiran Ling , Qing Lian , Jinghang Li , Qing Jiang , Tianming Zhang , Xiaoke Jiang , Chuanxiu Liu , Jie Liu , Lei Zhang

Earth Observation (EO) analysis is inherently interactive: resolving uncertainty often requires expanding the region of interest, retrieving historical observations, and switching across sensors such as optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sai Ma , Zhuang Li , Sichao Li , Xinyue Xu , Ruibiao Zhu , Tony Boston , John A. Taylor

Embodied intelligence has witnessed remarkable progress in recent years, driven by advances in computer vision, natural language processing, and the rise of large-scale multimodal models. Among its core challenges, robot manipulation stands…

Embodied AI systems, including AI-powered robots that autonomously interact with the physical world, stand to be significantly advanced by Large Language Models (LLMs), which enable robots to better understand complex language commands and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Wenxiao Zhang , Xiangrui Kong , Thomas Braunl , Jin B. Hong

Leveraging massive knowledge from large language models (LLMs), recent machine learning models show notable successes in general-purpose task solving in diverse domains such as computer vision and robotics. However, several significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Jiangyong Huang , Silong Yong , Xiaojian Ma , Xiongkun Linghu , Puhao Li , Yan Wang , Qing Li , Song-Chun Zhu , Baoxiong Jia , Siyuan Huang

The rise of foundation models paves the way for generalist robot policies in the physical world. Existing methods relying on text-only instructions often struggle to generalize to unseen scenarios. We argue that interleaved image-text…

Pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) can make semantic and visual inferences across diverse settings, providing valuable common-sense priors for robotic control. However, effectively grounding this knowledge in robot behaviors remains…