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The Double Green Function Formalism has been extensively used in dealing with the thermodynamics of quantum systems which evolved in time under the action of a given self-adjoint Hamiltonian. In this work, we extend the formalism to include…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-27 Romina Ramírez , Marta Reboiro

In this work we present a general formalism to treat non-Hermitian and noncommutative Hamiltonians. This is done employing the phase-space formalism of quantum mechanics, which allows to write a set of robust maps connecting the Hamitonians…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-15 Jonas F. G. Santos , Fabricio. S. Luiz , Oscar. S. Duarte , Miled. H. Y. Moussa

In contrast to classical systems, actual implementation of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian dynamics for quantum systems is a challenge because the processes of energy gain and dissipation are based on the underlying Hermitian system-environment…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-23 R. Grimaudo , A. Messina , A. Sergi , N. V. Vitanov , S. N. Filippov

We introduce an alternative way to understand the decomposition of a quantum system into interacting parts and show that it is natural in several physical models. This enables us to define a reduced density operator for a working system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-08 Adam Stokes

The relevance in Physics of non-Hermitian operators with real eigenvalues is being widely recognized not only in quantum mechanics but also in other areas, such as quantum optics, quantum fluid dynamics and quantum field theory. %stochastic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-16 Natália Bebiano , João da Providência , S. Nishiyama , João P. da Providência

The non-Hermitian paradigm of quantum systems displays salient features drastically different from Hermitian counterparts. In this work, we focus on one such aspect, the difference of evolving quantum ensembles under $H_{\mathrm{nh}}$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-03 Soumik Bandyopadhyay , Philipp Hauke , Sudipto Singha Roy

For decades, Hermiticity was considered an immutable axiom of quantum mechanics, essential for ensuring real energies and unitary evolution. This perspective has shifted radically, driven by the realization that non-Hermitian Hamiltonians…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Federico Roccati , Federico Balducci

Among all of the non-Hermitian large-tridiagonal-matrix quantum Hamiltonians we choose a subclass with the structure resembling the ``benchmark'' realistic Bose-Hubbard model. We demonstrate that this choice can be declared user-friendly in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Miloslav Znojil

Non-Hermitian (NH) Hamiltonians describe open quantum systems, nonequilibrium dynamics, and dissipative processes. Although a rich range of single-particle NH physics has been uncovered, many-body phenomena in strongly correlated NH systems…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-05 Phillip C. Burke , Andrew K. Mitchell

We demonstrate the emergence of a topological ordered phase for non-Hermitian systems. Specifically, we elucidate that systems with non-Hermitian two-body interactions show a fractional quantum Hall (FQH) state. The non-Hermitian…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-11-19 Tsuneya Yoshida , Koji Kudo , Yasuhiro Hatsugai

The formalism of Kohn and Sham uses a specific (model) hamiltonian which highly simplifies the many-electron problem to that of noninteracting fermions. The theorem of Hohenberg and Kohn tells us that, for a given ground state density, this…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-07-05 Paola Gori-Giorgi , Julien Toulouse , Andreas Savin

The static and dynamical properties of a one-dimensional quantum system described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian of the so-called Hatano-Nelson type; a tight-binding model with asymmetric (or non-reciprocal) hopping, are studied. The static…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-21 Takahiro Orito , Ken-Ichiro Imura

In the recently quickly developing context of quantum mechanics of unitary systems using a time-independent non-Hermitian Hamiltonian $H$ (having real spectrum and defined as acting in an unphysical but user-friendly Hilbert space ${\cal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-21 Miloslav Znojil

We find that heavy fermion systems can have bulk "Fermi arcs", with the use of the non-Hermitian topological theory. In an interacting electron system, the microscopic many-body Hamiltonian is Hermitian, but the one-body quasiparticle…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-11-30 Yuki Nagai , Yang Qi , Hiroki Isobe , Vladyslav Kozii , Liang Fu

We relate topological properties of non-Hermitian systems and observables of quantum open systems by using the Keldysh path-integral method. We express Keldysh Green's functions in terms of effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonians that contain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-27 Álvaro Gómez-León , Tomás Ramos , Alejandro González-Tudela , Diego Porras

Minimal, open quantum systems that are governed by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians have been realized across multiple platforms in the past two years. Here we investigate the dynamics of open systems with Hermitian or anti-Hermitian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-26 Akhil Kumar , Kater W. Murch , Yogesh N. Joglekar

Green's functions of non-Hermitian systems play a fundamental role in various dynamical processes. Because non-Hermitian systems are sensitive to boundary conditions due to the non-Hermitian skin effect, open-boundary Green's functions are…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-10-24 Yu-Min Hu , Zhong Wang

Two theoretical methods of finding resonant states in open quantum systems, namely the approach of the Siegert boundary condition and the Feshbach formalism, are reviewed and shown to be algebraically equivalent to each other for a simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-28 Naomichi Hatano

Recently, apparent nonphysical implications of non-Hermitian quantum mechanics (NHQM) have been discussed in the literature. In particular, the apparent violation of the no-signaling theorem, discrimination of nonorthogonal states, and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-25 Chia-Yi Ju , Adam Miranowicz , Guang-Yin Chen , Franco Nori

The ease of using optical gain/loss provides a fertile ground for experimental explorations of non-Hermitian (NH) physics. Without gain/loss, can we realize the NH effect in a Hermitian system? The interface between the coupled Hermitian…