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Generative models have enabled easy creation and generation of images of all kinds given a single prompt. However, this has also raised ethical concerns about what is an actual piece of content created by humans or cameras compared to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Aryaman Shaan , Garvit Banga , Raghav Mantri

Watermarking AI-generated text is critical for combating misuse. Yet recent theoretical work argues that any watermark can be erased via random walk attacks that perturb text while preserving quality. However, such attacks rely on two key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Fabrice Y Harel-Canada , Boran Erol , Connor Choi , Jason Liu , Gary Jiarui Song , Nanyun Peng , Amit Sahai

The rapid growth of transformer-based models increases the concerns about their integrity and ownership insurance. Watermarking addresses this issue by embedding a unique identifier into the model, while preserving its performance. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Pierre Fernandez , Guillaume Couairon , Teddy Furon , Matthijs Douze

For enhancing the protection level of dynamic graph software watermarks and for the purpose of conducting the analysis which evaluates the effect of integrating two software protection techniques such as software watermarking and tamper…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2010-01-13 Malik Sikandar Hayat Khiyal , Aihab Khan , Sehrish Amjad , M. Shahid Khalil

Text watermarking plays a crucial role in ensuring the traceability and accountability of large language model (LLM) outputs and mitigating misuse. While promising, most existing methods assume perfect pseudorandomness. In practice,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-21 T. Tony Cai , Xiang Li , Qi Long , Weijie J. Su , Garrett G. Wen

Reasoning Large Language Models (RLLMs) excelling in complex tasks present unique challenges for digital watermarking, as existing methods often disrupt logical coherence or incur high computational costs. Token-based watermarking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Shuliang Liu , Xingyu Li , Hongyi Liu , Dong Fang , Yibo Yan , Bingchen Duan , Qi Zheng , Lingfeng Su , Xuming Hu

With the development of large models, watermarks are increasingly employed to assert copyright, verify authenticity, or monitor content distribution. As applications become more multimodal, the utility of watermarking techniques becomes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Jielin Qiu , William Han , Xuandong Zhao , Shangbang Long , Christos Faloutsos , Lei Li

Inertial measurement unit-based online handwriting recognition enables the recognition of input signals collected across different writing surfaces but remains challenged by uneven character distributions and inter-writer variability. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Jindong Li , Dario Zanca , Vincent Christlein , Tim Hamann , Jens Barth , Peter Kämpf , Björn Eskofier

Generative image modeling enables a wide range of applications but raises ethical concerns about responsible deployment. This paper introduces an active strategy combining image watermarking and Latent Diffusion Models. The goal is for all…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Pierre Fernandez , Guillaume Couairon , Hervé Jégou , Matthijs Douze , Teddy Furon

We introduce a problem setting which we call ``the freedom fighters' problem''. It subtly differs from the prisoners' problem. We propose a steganographic method that allows Alice and Bob to fool Wendy the warden in this setting. Their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2008-04-07 Boris Skoric

Generative AI models pose a significant challenge to intellectual property (IP), as they can replicate unique artistic styles and concepts without attribution. While watermarking offers a potential solution, existing methods often fail in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Li Zhang , Shruti Agarwal , John Collomosse , Pengtao Xie , Vishal Asnani

Current image watermarking methods are vulnerable to advanced image editing techniques enabled by large-scale text-to-image models. These models can distort embedded watermarks during editing, posing significant challenges to copyright…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Shilin Lu , Zihan Zhou , Jiayou Lu , Yuanzhi Zhu , Adams Wai-Kin Kong

The size of the vocabulary is a central design choice in large pretrained language models, with respect to both performance and memory requirements. Typically, subword tokenization algorithms such as byte pair encoding and WordPiece are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Antonis Maronikolakis , Philipp Dufter , Hinrich Schütze

Large language models (LLMs) have show great ability in various natural language tasks. However, there are concerns that LLMs are possible to be used improperly or even illegally. To prevent the malicious usage of LLMs, detecting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jie Ren , Han Xu , Yiding Liu , Yingqian Cui , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Jiliang Tang

We present the first in depth study on the robustness of existing watermarking techniques applied to code generated by large language models (LLMs). As LLMs increasingly contribute to software development, watermarking has emerged as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Tarun Suresh , Shubham Ugare , Gagandeep Singh , Sasa Misailovic

Various threats posed by the progress in text-to-speech (TTS) have prompted the need to reliably trace synthesized speech. However, contemporary approaches to this task involve adding watermarks to the audio separately after generation, a…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Junzuo Zhou , Jiangyan Yi , Tao Wang , Jianhua Tao , Ye Bai , Chu Yuan Zhang , Yong Ren , Zhengqi Wen

Distinguishing AI-generated code from human-written code is becoming crucial for tasks such as authorship attribution, content tracking, and misuse detection. Based on this, N-gram-based watermarking schemes have emerged as prominent, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Gehao Zhang , Eugene Bagdasarian , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma

Current image watermarking technologies are predominantly categorized into text watermarking techniques and image steganography; however, few methods can simultaneously handle text and image-based watermark data, which limits their…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-06-03 ZhongLi Fang , Yu Xie , Ping Chen

Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC), particularly video generation with diffusion models, has been advanced rapidly. Invisible watermarking is a key technology for protecting AI-generated videos and tracing harmful content, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Xinjie Zhu , Zijing Zhao , Hui Jin , Qingxiao Guo , Yilong Ma , Yunhao Wang , Xiaobing Guo , Weifeng Zhang

The rapid evolution of image generation models has revolutionized visual content creation, enabling the synthesis of highly realistic and contextually accurate images for diverse applications. However, the potential for misuse, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Yihan Wu , Xuehao Cui , Ruibo Chen , Georgios Milis , Heng Huang