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For relativistic heavy ion collisions, the Bjorken formula is very useful for estimating the initial energy density once an initial time $\tau_0$ is specified. However, it cannot be trusted at low energies, e.g. well below $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-09-19 Zi-Wei Lin

The early time dynamics of heavy ion collisions can be described by classical fields in an approximation of Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD) called Color Glass Condensate (CGC). Monte-Carlo sampling of the color charge for the incoming nuclei…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-05-24 Steven Rose , Rainer J. Fries

Electromagnetic field produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions contains much useful information, because the field can be directly related to the motion of the matter in the whole stage of the reaction. One can divide the total…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 T. Osada , Y. Hama

Recent development of a hydrodynamic model is discussed by putting an emphasis on realistic treatment of the early and late stages in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The model, which incorporates a hydrodynamic description of the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Tetsufumi Hirano

We present a second-order perturbative analysis of the model describing a two-level trapped ion interacting with a traveling laser field, in the Lamb-Dicke regime. Unlike the customary approach, based on the interaction picture and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Vittorio Penna , Francesco Raffa

The paper is devoted to the description and prediction of various bulk observables in the Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV within the integrated hydrokinetic model (iHKM). Sensitivity of the results to the choice…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-10-30 V. M. Shapoval , Yu. M. Sinyukov

We consider high energy scattering in the effective theory of the Color Glass Condensate. The most convenient degrees of freedom are Wilson lines encoding multiple gluon exchanges, whose evolution with energy follows the JIMWLK equation.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-30 T. Lappi , D. N. Triantafyllopoulos

The initial energy density produced in heavy ion collisions can be estimated with the Bjorken energy density formula after choosing a proper formation time $\tau{_{\rm F}}$. However, the Bjorken formula breaks down at low energies because…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-02-24 Todd Mendenhall , Zi-Wei Lin

At high energy, the gluon distribution in nuclei reaches large densities and eventually saturates due to recombinations, that play an important role in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC. The Color Glass Condensate provides a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-30 Francois Gelis

Dynamical models based on relativistic fluid dynamics provide a powerful tool to extract the properties of the strongly-coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced by ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions. The largest source of uncertainty in…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-04-18 J. Scott Moreland

We review recent developments in the ab-initio theoretical description of the initial state in heavy-ion collisions. We emphasize the importance of fluctuations, both for the phenomenological description of experimental data from the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-11-23 Francois Gelis , Bjoern Schenke

This work studies the production of direct photons in relativistic nuclear collisions, along with the production of hadrons. Radiation from the very first instants to the final moments of the evolution is included. The hybrid model used…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-02-01 Charles Gale , Jean-François Paquet , Björn Schenke , Chun Shen

We examine the capabilities of second-order Israel-Stewart-type hydrodynamics to capture the early-time behaviour of the quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions. We point out that at very early times, the dynamics of the fireball…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-01-08 Victor E. Ambruş , Sören Schlichting , Clemens Werthmann

In this work, we investigate possible impacts that the behavior of the Quark-Gluon Plasma might have on Jet Observables. We choose JEWEL (Jet Evolution With Energy Loss) for this study. We have coupled JEWEL with $\rm T_RENTo$ and also with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-05-28 Fabio Canedo

Precise and detailed knowledge of the internal structure of hadrons is one of the most actual problems in elementary particle physics. In view of the planned high energy physics facilities, in particular, the Electron-Ion Collider…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-05-07 Piotr Korcyl

High-energy nuclear collisions produce a nonequilibrium plasma of quarks and gluons which thermalizes and exhibits hydrodynamic flow. There are currently no practical frameworks to connect the early particle production in classical field…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-04-30 Aleksi Kurkela , Aleksas Mazeliauskas , Jean-François Paquet , Sören Schlichting , Derek Teaney

One of the many physical questions that have emerged from studies of heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC concerns the validity of hydrodynamic modelling at the very early stages, when the Quark-Gluon Plasma system produced is still far…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-08-24 Jakub Jankowski , Michał Spaliński

We review the basic concepts of perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and relativistic hydrodynamics, and their applications to hadron production in high energy nuclear collisions. We discuss results from the Relativistic Heavy Ion…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-05-20 Rainer J. Fries , Chiho Nonaka

We develop a macroscopic description of the space-time evolution of the energy-momentum tensor during the pre-equilibrium stage of a high-energy heavy-ion collision. Based on a weak coupling effective kinetic description of the microscopic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-04-03 Aleksi Kurkela , Aleksas Mazeliauskas , Jean-François Paquet , Sören Schlichting , Derek Teaney

With a Yang-Mills flux-tube initial state and a high resolution (3+1)D Particle-in-Cell Relativistic (PICR) hydrodynamics simulation, we calculate the $\Lambda$ polarization for different energies. The origination of polarization in high…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-03-16 Yilong Xie , Dujuan Wang , László P. Csernai
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